Fig. 4: Our whole-volume inference strategy eliminates chunking artifacts.

a–c Results from an RGT estimation task using non-overlapping chunked inference, overlapping chunked inference, and our full-volume inference strategy, respectively. Chunked inference disrupts spatial continuity, introducing visible seams, layer shifts, and artificial faults (e.g., red arrow), even with overlap. In contrast, our method produces geologically smooth, coherent horizons and consistent stratigraphic surfaces. In fault segmentation tasks, chunked inference d may also introduce misaligned or fragmented fault traces in complex regions (red boxes and ellipses). Our strategy e allows the model to access complete spatial context, eliminating artificial boundaries introduced by chunking and improving structural continuity. Note that our method removes only artificial discontinuities introduced by chunking and does not modify genuine geological breaks, which remain governed by the model’s inherent predictive capacity.