Fig. 6: Flexible expression of happiness.

Heatmaps plotting the model-estimated mean value of the happy emoji (color) as a function of participants’ and their partners’ outcomes in the Dictator Game for the Self-Report (Left; N = 82), Expression (Middle; N = 82), and Reputation (Right; N = 82) conditions. Warmer colors indicate more positive response values, and cooler colors indicate more negative response values. The diagonal line on each plot indicate that partners’ choices did not change the inequality of the option. The different maps on the upper and lower row indicate their partners (the Dictator) chose the more unequal option (Upper) or less unequal option (Lower), with greater deviations from the line in the upper row indicating that Dictators chose more unequal options (e.g., $75–$25 compared to $50–$50), and greater deviations from the line in the lower row indicating that Dictators chose more equal options (e.g. $50–$50 compared to $25–$75).