Fig. 5: Multi-material printed sensor for proximity sensing.
From: Thin-film DLP 3D printing of multi-material parts with closed-cell internal voids

a Sensor fabricated using the proposed method with two materials: a primary tough resin and a secondary resin with ionic conductivity. b Experimental setup for proximity sensing tests. c Time-resolved measurement of capacitance and corresponding distance between the object and sensor, demonstrating the sensor’s repeatable response to periodic distance variations. d Capacitance-distance curve fitted with a fourth-degree polynomial. The gree color indicates the high-sensitivity range (0–10 mm), where the capacitance changes most rapidly.