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Adaptation is a way to live with climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines adaptation as a process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Around the world, communities implement various adaptation measures to cope with extreme heat, cold, or floods. These measures include green roofs, trees, and native plants in urban spaces to moderate temperature change, flood defenses and seawalls to protect areas from inundation, as well as behavioral changes in daily routines, such as limiting outdoor activities during heatwaves. Although we know that many adaptation options exist and how they work, we still need to understand whether and where local and global communities are making progress in adaptation.
In this cross-journal collection, we showcase studies that focus on adaptation in urban and rural areas. Studies that address the equity and efficiency of different measures, the financing required, and the limitations and barriers that prevent adaptation, along with strategies to overcome them. We primarily highlight studies from the Global South, the region most vulnerable to climate change, where the need to advance and expand adaptation efforts is urgent.