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Skyrmions are magnetic solitons characterised by an integer topological charge. Here, the authors explore the formation of linked skyrmions, a configuration where multiple skyrmions are linked together with topological point defects, realised in a shifted magnetic bilayer where Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in each layer are orthogonal to each other.
During the life of animals, epithelial tissues undergo extensive deformations-first to form organs during embryogenesis and later to preserve structural integrity and function in adulthood. Drawing analogies between these biological deformations and those of non-living elastic materials, the authors develop an elasticity theory for epithelia, offering insights into epithelial morphogenesis and the interplay between cell surface tensions and substrate interactions.
Cluster synchronization in networks of coupled dynamical units is influenced by the symmetry and equitability of interaction patterns. Here, the authors demonstrate that equitability is both necessary and sufficient for the existence of linearly independent cluster synchronised solutions in multiplex and higher-order networks, explaining the prevalence of explosive synchronization and its constraints.
This study demonstrates that sizable bond-order charge density wave instabilities emerge in proportion to the spin density wave instability in La3Ni2O7, driven by the paramagnon-interference mechanism. The authors find that the coexistence of charge and spin fluctuations plays a cooperative role in mediating high-Tc superconductivity.
Replicator networks exposed to fluctuating environments can use information in a functional manner. In this study, the authors derive information-theoretic expressions for replicator production, revealing optimal design principles and fundamental bounds that have implications for both prebiotic replicators and modern ecosystems.
The authors propose a general and flexible framework called Dynamic LOCCNet for designing and optimizing LOCC protocols. Their method decomposes large-scale problems into smaller, recursively trainable optimization problems, achieving comparable performance to existing methods while significantly reducing computational resource demands, making it a practical and scalable tool for current quantum devices.
The study of the interplay between topological states and correlated states such as charge density waves (CDW) requires a thorough understanding of their electronic structure. In this work, the authors resolve the fully CDW reconstructed electronic structure of TaTe4, a candidate topological material, using a combined theoretical and experimental approach based on magnetotransport measurements, which also reveal the existence of large magnetic breakdown orbits and linear magnetoresistance.
The quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories is anticipated to be an important scientific application of future quantum computing capabilities. This work elaborates on a formulation of lattice gauge theory quantum simulation that aims to require quantum computing techniques akin to those for simulating ϕ4 scalar field theory by utilizing non-compact continuous variable quantum degrees of freedom.
Detecting trace amounts of harmful bacteria and nanoscale biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis and disease prevention, yet conventional methods are often slow and lack sensitivity. The authors introduce a rapid, highly sensitive detection method using a metallic thin-film-coated optical fibre module, significantly enhancing target assembly efficiency and offering promising applications in bioanalytical detection, drug delivery and material assembly technologies.
Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) face scalability challenges, notably barren plateaus, where the loss landscape flattens with increasing system size. Here, the authors explore an analog VQA ansatz using quenches of a disordered Ising chain, demonstrating that initializing in a many-body-localized phase enhances initial trainability while retaining sufficient expressivity to solve optimization problems, offering practical insights for scaling analog VQAs.
Laser wakefield accelerators can produce extremely short X-ray pulses from electrons driven by intense lasers in plasma. Using simulations and batch Bayesian optimization, the authors show that adding a plasma density spike can boost attosecond betatron radiation by more than an order of magnitude.
The manipulation of spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) with transverse orbital angular momentum in the micro-nano scale is crucial for their applications in nanophotonics. The authors propose a method to achieve arbitrary three-dimensional shifting of highly confined STOVs, exploiting usually detrimental optical aberrations to manipulate focused STOVs.
The high-power trapping lasers in optical tweezers generate damaging heat. Here, the authors demonstrate efficient laser cooling using an erbium-ytterbium co-doped nanoparticle, which cools targets from high temperatures to near room temperature while avoiding sub-zero cooling from ambient conditions, thus enabling safe trapping of biological specimens.
To overcome the exponential complexity of measurement induced phase transition (MIPT), the authors propose a protocol which can detect MIPT easily on a tree-like quantum circuit. They experimentally realize the MIPT on a trapped-ion quantum computer and show that the results are precisely described by theory without the need for error mitigation.
Noninvasive transcranial photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) of the human brain remains impeded by the acoustic distortion induced by the skull. Here, using a homogeneous elastic skull model, the authors de-aberrate the PACT images of light-absorbing phantoms acquired through an ex-vivo human skull for different levels of phantom complexity.
Despite it being almost 40 years since the discovery of the high-Tc superconducting cuprates, the underlying mechanisms governing their superconductivity are still not fully understood. Here, the authors use Green’s function strong-coupling lattice quantum Monte Carlo perturbation theory to investigate the spectral as well as superconducting properties of the doped t-t’ Hubbard model and consider the origin of the two-gap structure observed in the cuprates.
Understanding the formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks requires insights into the instabilities caused by dust particles in gas streams. The authors use particle image velocimetry in microgravity to reveal a granular shear-flow instability, resembling a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, offering a benchmark for two-fluid theories in planet formation.
High-energy collision experiments reveal insights into the hadronic interactions, yet understanding hyperon-nucleon interactions remains limited. Here, the authors employ deep neural networks within an automatic differentiation framework to reconstruct proton-emitting sources, achieving improved accuracy and extracting hyperon-nucleon correlations.
Air lasing offers a direct route to ultraviolet structured light in air using cylindrical-vector beam pumping. The authors generate both radially and azimuthally polarized N2+ lasing, yet azimuthal pumping yields no second-harmonic signal, favoring an amplified spontaneous emission mechanism over second-harmonic self-seeding.
Detecting microwave fields across an ultra-wideband spectrum is crucial for advancements in metrology, electromagnetism, and cosmology. Here, the authors utilize Zeeman effect modulation of Rydberg atoms to achieve continuous, highly sensitive detection from 1-40 GHz, significantly enhancing sensitivity and potentially transforming radar and electronic reconnaissance applications.
