Articles in 2025

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a treatment option for some forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but uncertainties remain about its implementation in clinical practice and treatment protocols need to be optimized. This Consensus Statement provides guidance and recommendations for the use of AHSCT in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Dementia is largely excluded from discussion of noncommunicable diseases, which limits its inclusion in health policies and allocation of resources — yet it is already a leading cause of mortality and its effects are set to increase. Alzheimer’s Disease International calls for changes in policies to address the effects of dementia now and in the future.

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities are the most impactful adverse effect of anti-amyloid-β immunotherapies. Here, the authors review the detection, underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and highlight the need for further research to predict, prevent and treat the condition.

In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and impact of various sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The authors discuss potential underlying mechanisms of sleep disorders in this population, with clues from genetic disorders, and highlight the complex bidirectional relationship between sleep and neurodevelopment.

Katherine Behl is a physician and the mother of a child with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) — an ultra-rare neurological disease that is exacerbated by temperature changes. Here, she highlights the day-to-day challenges of living with AHC and considers what stakeholders in climate action can learn from people with lived experience of disease.

The importance of active involvement of people living with diseases in various aspects of medicine, including disease management and follow-up, regulatory issues, health advocacy and clinical research, is increasingly recognized. This Perspective reviews the current status of patient involvement in neurological and other medical research, highlighting the role of patient experts.

This Review explores several key dysregulated pathways in ALS (RNA processing, proteostasis, metabolism and inflammation) as well as evolving efforts to develop effective therapeutics to restore cellular homeostasis. The authors also detail strategies that are likely to be required to improve clinical studies moving forwards.