Research Highlights

Macrophages in the gastrointestinal system have a key role in the development and propagation of α-synuclein pathology in body-first Parkinson disease, according to new research.

A new study has identified a previously unrecognized subset of brain fibroblasts that form a barrier at the base of the choroid plexus. In the healthy brain, this barrier restricts the movement of small molecules and immune cells, but it breaks down under inflammatory conditions.

The natural migration pathway of CNS immune cells can be harnessed to deliver therapy to brain lesions in acute stroke, bypassing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), according to a new study published in Cell.

Loss of TDP43 from the nucleus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontemporal dementia leads to changes in polyadenylation that alter mRNA processing, according to new research.

Recent research indicates that the brain-first and body-first subtypes of Parkinson disease can be distinguished by patterns of cutaneous α-synuclein deposition.

A new study indicates that physical activity reduces cognitive decline, possibly through attenuation of tau accumulation in the brain.

A drug that targets lysosomal damage could boost the effects of gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, according to new research.

Developmental trajectories and genetic architectures differ between inidividuals with autism who are diagnosed early or later in life, new research has shown.

Lipids derived from extracellular vesicles in adipose tissue from people with obesity can promote amyloid-β aggregation, according to new research.

PET imaging of synaptic vesicle protein 2A could enable visualization of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis, new work has shown.

The C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion that causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compromises microglial function, new research has shown.

Serial analysis of glioblastoma tissue during treatment can help to reveal and monitor treatment responses, according to a new study.

Cerebellar pathology in people with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) might contribute to motor and social communication impairments associated with the disease, according to a recent study published in Brain.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) offers effective therapy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), according to new real-world data.

Glioblastomas can shift glucose metabolism from tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) oxidation and neurotransmitter synthesis to growth-promoting pathways, according to new research published in Nature.

A new study presented at the 2025 American Neurological Association Annual Meeting indicates that area postrema syndrome in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is related to elevated levels of the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and its receptor GLP-1R.

A new meta-analysis presented at the 2025 American Neurological Association Annual Meeting shows that initiation of hormone replacement therapy in women soon after the onset of menopause is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease.

New evidence supports trans-synaptic propagation of tau pathology in the neurodegenerative disease progressive supranuclear palsy.

A voice-synthesis neuroprosthesis based on a brain–computer interface has restored instantaneous, natural-sounding speech to a man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.