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Ultrafast shaping of exciton-polariton condensates enables applications for classical and quantum logic devices and provides insights into the physics of nonequilibrium quantum condensates in solid-state. Here, the authors demonstrate ultrafast and reversible dynamic Stark modulation of a semiconductor exciton-polariton quantum condensate.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Correlation-driven topological phases with different Chern numbers are observed in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene in modest magnetic fields, indicating that strong electronic interactions can lead to topologically non-trivial phases.

The local Drude model predicts that, under certain conditions, surface plasmon polaritons at a metal-dielectric surface have a frequency range where only unidirectional propagation is supported. Here, the authors show that in more realistic non-local models surface plasmon polaritons exhibit bidirectional propagation for all frequencies.

Placing a single layer of tungsten diselenide in contact with twisted bilayer graphene enables superconductivity even for non-magic twist angles where insulating behavior is absent.

Recent work has demonstrated a continuous time crystal in an electron-nuclear spin system in the InGaAs semiconductor. Here, using periodic modulation, the authors reveal effects of synchronization, quasi-periodic, and chaotic dynamics, demonstrating universal nonlinear effects in a time-crystalline platform.

There are several proposals for quantum algorithms solving optimisation problems, but so far none of them has provided a clear speedup. Here, the authors propose an iterative protocol featuring periodic cycling around the tricritical point of a many-body localization transition.

High-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy are used to provide evidence for unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene.

To design and manipulate qubits, it is necessary to engineer multidimensional non-equilibrium steady states immune to decoherence in an open system. Here the authors devise a symmetry-based framework to create such non-equilibrium steady states showing characteristics of degenerate vacua of a unitary topological system.

Employing a remote Coulomb superlattice formed by twisted bilayer WS₂, the authors demonstrate the engineering and on/off switching of a Coulomb superlattice of correlated states in bilayer graphene with period and strength determined by the remote superlattice.

Moiré field-effect transistors based on graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures are promising for their high room-temperature carrier mobilities and magnetotransport properties. Here, high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy growth of graphene/hBN gives rise to a moiré-fringed hexagonal superlattice with Hofstadter butterfly electronic band structure and quantum magneto-oscillations above room temperature.

Scanning tunnelling microscopy imaging of the correlated phases of magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene shows marked signatures of interaction-driven spatial symmetry breaking.

An electron beam technique can be used to write high-resolution doping patterns in graphene and MoS₂ van der Waals heterostructures, and could allow doped circuit designs to be created.

Apart from the intensive efforts to explore topological properties in crystalline materials, the study of such properties in amorphous materials has been rare. Here, Pöyhönen et al. predict a topological superconducting phase in an ensemble of randomly distributed magnetic atoms on a superconducting surface.

Placing monolayer tungsten diselenide on Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene promotes enhanced superconductivity, indicating that proximity-induced spin–orbit coupling plays a key role in stabilizing the pairing, paving the way for engineering tunable, ultra-clean graphene-based superconductors.

Materials with a Kitaev spin liquid ground state are sought after as models of quantum phases but candidates so far form either zig-zag or incommensurate magnetic order. Ruiz et al. find a crossover between these states in β-Li₂IrO₃ under weak magnetic fields, indicating strongly frustrated spin interactions.

Very-Low-Frequency (VLF) communication transmitters, operate worldwide, radiate emissions at particular frequencies 10-30 kHz. Here, the authors show VLF transmitter emissions that leak from the Earth’s ground are primarily responsible for bifurcating the energetic electron belt over 20–100 keV.

Electric-field tunable plasmonic excitations in semiconducting carbon nanotubes are shown to behave consistently with the nonlinear Luttinger liquid theory, providing a platform to study non-conventional one-dimensional electron dynamics and realize integrated nanophotonic devices.

Layer-stacking domain walls in van der Waals heterostructures form a broadly tunable Luttinger liquid system, including both isolated and coupled arrays.

Simulating ultrafast quantum dissipation in molecular excited states is a strongly demanding computational task. Here, the authors combine tensor network simulation, entanglement renormalisation and machine learning to simulate linear vibronic models, and test the method by analysing singlet fission dynamics.

Dnmt3a mutations in mouse haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells equivalent to R882 mutations in human cause increased mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that this is a mechanism of clonal haematopoiesis and a potential therapeutic target.

The discovery of superconductivity in the heavy fermion compound UTe2, a potential topological and triplet-paired superconductor, has generated significant interest in condensed matter physics with particular interest in the nature of the Fermi surface. Here, the authors employed a contactless conductivity technique to investigate the quantum interference oscillations of compressed UTe2 up to 19.5 kbar, aiming to examine key features of its Fermi surface.

The interplay of induced superconductivity and magnetic fields should drive InAs nanowires into a topological superconducting phase. Laroche et al. use the microwave radiation emitted by an InAs nanowire Josephson junction to observe the 4π-periodic Josephson effect, a hallmark of the topological phase.

The authors report that tensile strain applied to CsV₃Sb₅ strongly suppresses the charge-density-wave (CDW) gap, increases the mass of the fermions at the higher-order van Hove singularity (HO-VHS) and drives the energy of the HO-VHS towards the Fermi energy. Further, they suggest an important role of the HO-VHS in superconducting pairing.

Morphotropic phase boundaries, which separate two competing phases of different chemical composition, are the crucial ingredient for lead-based piezoelectrics. Here, the authors show that similar enhanced properties and analogous thermotropic phase boundaries can occur in simple, lead-free ferroelectrics.

Tuning the effective g-factor of semiconductors by a perpendicular electric field is essential for designing controllable spin-based devices such as qubits and spin field-effect transistors. Here, a wide-range g-factor tunability by external electric field is demonstrated in a high-mobility 2D hole heterostructure.

Using a quantum annealing processor to study three-dimensional spin glasses demonstrates an accurate large-scale quantum simulation of critical dynamics and a scaling advantage over analogous classical methods for energy optimization.

When independent layers of electrons and holes are in close proximity to each other, their Coulomb interaction allows them to pair into neutral bosons and form an insulating state. This phenomenon is reported in a heterostructure of 2D materials.

So far, only indirect evidence of Wigner crystals has been reported, but a specially designed scanning tunnelling microscope is used here to directly image them in a moiré heterostructure.

Over half the world’s rivers dry periodically, yet little is known about the biological communities in dry riverbeds. This study examines biodiversity across 84 non-perennial rivers in 19 countries using DNA metabarcoding. It finds that nutrient availability, climate and biotic interactions influence the biodiversity of these dry environments.

The flat electronic bands that are associated with ordered phases in twisted bilayer graphene at a magic twist angle have been imaged using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

Atomically thin materials offer unique opportunities for controlling electronic properties layer by layer. This study introduces a monolithically grown twistronic stack of monolayer and bilayer graphene, revealing that structural asymmetry can induce a band gap in bilayer graphene without external fields.

A. G. Eaton et al. directly probe the Fermi surface of the candidate triplet superconductor UTe2 by measuring magnetic quantum oscillations in ultra-pure crystals. By comparison with model calculations, the data are found to be consistent with a Fermi surface that consists of two cylindrical sections of electron and hole-type respectively.

Temporal and spectral control of hot electron decay can be achieved using specific plasmonic nanostructures.

The coherent dynamics of the transverse-field Ising model driven through a quantum phase transition can be accurately simulated using a large-scale quantum annealer.

Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with increased structural brain aging. Here the authors describe a model that predicts brain aging from resting state functional connectivity data, and demonstrate this is accelerated in individuals with pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease.

Citizens often vote against the democracies they claim to cherish. Braley et al. find that in the United States, voters’ misperceptions about opposing partisans’ commitment to democracy may unintentionally contribute to this democratic backsliding.

The SARS-CoV-2 PANGO lineage C.1.2 has been under monitoring by global health authorities as it has spread worldwide. Here, Bhiman and colleagues characterise the emergence of the lineage, and its neutralisation sensitivity using data from vaccinees and previously infected individuals.

The focus on quantum materials has raised questions on the fitness of density functional theory for the description of the basic physics of such strongly correlated systems. Recent studies point to another possibility: the perceived limitations are often not a failure of the density functional theory per se, but rather a failure to break symmetry.

Twisted bilayer graphene hosts flat electronic bands, but their relationship to the observed correlated phases is still debated. Here, it is shown that electron–electron interactions can help to flatten the bands and generate the correlated phases.

This Review discusses the state of the art of interface optics—including refractive optics, meta-optics and moiré engineering—for the control of van der Waals polaritons.

As the sample size in cancer genome studies increases, the list of genes identified as significantly mutated is likely to include more false positives; here, this problem is identified as stemming largely from mutation heterogeneity, and a new analytical methodology designed to overcome this problem is described.

Research on spin qubit systems for use in quantum computational devices has recently focused on the use of hole spins rather than the conventional single electron spins. The authors report the spin relaxation time of a single hole by developing a novel spin-sensitive charge-latching technique using a GaAs gated double quantum dot device.

Precise electrical control of magnetic states in interacting nanomagnetic arrays is a requirement for these devices to be suitable for versatile low-power applications. Here, using simulations, the authors demonstrate reversible control of magnetic nanoislands using the current driven motion of a domain wall in an adjacent nanowire.