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How myelin plays a role in long-range processing of disparate inputs remains elusive. Here, the authors show that myelin loss within the neocortex reduces the reliability to propagate cortical bursts across axons, causing an impaired temporal sharpening to compute sensory and cortical signals within the thalamus.

It has been proposed that phonons propagating through a material can be used for quantum computing, in a similar manner to photons. Now, several of the quantum gates and measurements needed for this approach have been demonstrated.

Ensuring high-fidelity quantum gates while increasing the number of qubits poses a great challenge. Here the authors present a scalable strategy for optimizing frequency trajectories as a form of error mitigation on a 68-qubit superconducting quantum processor, demonstrating high single- and two-qubit gate fidelities.

Ruiz and colleagues introduce AlphaTensor-Quantum, a deep reinforcement learning method for optimizing quantum circuits. It outperforms existing methods and is capable of finding the best human-designed solutions for relevant quantum computations in a fully automated way.

Tanycytic insulin receptors allow insulin access to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and are relevant for driving AgRP neuronal activity in response to feeding.

Quantum error correction codes protect quantum information, but running algorithms also requires the ability to perform gates on logical qubits. A lattice surgery scheme for fault-tolerant gates has now been demonstrated in a quantum repetition code.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Magic state distillation is achieved with logical qubits on a neutral-atom quantum computer using a dynamically reconfigurable architecture for parallel quantum operations.

Quantum dot spin qubits in Si can be controlled using micromagnet-based electric-dipole spin resonance, but experiments have been limited to small 1D arrays. Here the authors address qubit control in 2D Si arrays, demonstrating low-frequency control of qubits in a 2 x 2 array using hopping gates.

A scientific paper today is inspired by more disciplines than ever before, shows a new analysis marking the journal’s 150th anniversary.

The reusability of AlphaTensor-Quantum is tested and the method is extended to optimize a broad range of quantum circuits without retraining, achieving greater T-count reductions and demonstrating generalizable and efficient quantum circuit optimization.

Donors spins in silicon are coherent, high-performance qubits, but scale-up has been challenging. Here the authors present the first experimental demonstration of exchange-based, entangling two qubit gates between electrons bound to ³¹P donors in Si.

Semiconductor qubit architectures based on direct qubit coupling suffer from wiring fan-out and crosstalk as they scale up. Here the authors propose an architecture based on conveyor-mode shuttling of electron spins that tackles these issues and validate it numerically on quantum dot spin qubits in Si/SiGe.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Cluster states are a key resource in quantum technologies, but generation of large-scale 2D cluster states faces several difficulties. Here, the authors show how to generate a 2 × n ladder-like cluster state via sequential emission of time- and frequency multiplexed photonic qubits from a transmon-based device.

Checking the quality of operations of quantum computers in a reliable and scalable way is still an open challenge. Here, the authors show how to characterise multi-qubit operations in a way that scales favourably with the system’s size, and demonstrate it on a 10-qubit ion-trap device.

Integrating an electronic device with a cavity can cause the electrons to couple to photons strongly enough to form hybrid modes. Now, the cavity effects induced by intrinsic graphite gates are shown to modify the low-energy properties of graphene.

Czernilofsky et al. identified factors that reprogram stromal cells into an inflammatory, dysfunctional state, leading to the structural disorganization of lymph nodes in B cell lymphoma at single-cell and spatial resolutions.

Enhancing the carrier mobility of graphene can enable the investigation of its fundamental properties and promote device applications. Here, the authors report the fabrication of double-layer graphene devices with a quantum mobility up to 10⁷ cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and integer quantum Hall features at magnetic fields as low as 0.002 T.

Quantum supremacy is demonstrated using a programmable superconducting processor known as Sycamore, taking approximately 200 seconds to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times, which would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer around ten thousand years to compute.

Building scalable quantum technologies requires generating robust many-body entanglement in solid-state platforms. This Review highlights how engineered light–matter interactions, optical nonlinearities and coupling to nanophotonic structures enable coherent many-body entangled states that are resilient to disorder and decoherence.

A pan-haematologic cancer approach, involving analysis of data from 256 patients across 5 cancer types and 13 clinical trials, revealed predictive biomarkers for understanding the response or non-response of patients to CAR-T therapy.

A study demonstrating increasing error suppression with larger surface code logical qubits, implemented on a superconducting quantum processor.

Universal quantum logic operations with fidelity exceeding 99%, approaching the threshold of fault tolerance, are realized in a scalable silicon device comprising an electron and two phosphorus nuclei, and a fidelity of 92.5% is obtained for a three-qubit entangled state.

A quantum processer is realized using arrays of neutral atoms that are transported in a parallel manner by optical tweezers during computations, and used for quantum error correction and simulations.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Inspired by biology, iontronics uses ion flow in tiny fluidic structures to process signals. Noa E. Fraiman and colleagues present a method to design and simulate iontronic circuits using tools from traditional electronics

Physical realizations of qubits are often vulnerable to leakage errors, where the system ends up outside the basis used to store quantum information. A leakage removal protocol can suppress the impact of leakage on quantum error-correcting codes.

A sparsified SYK model is constructed using learning techniques and the corresponding traversable wormhole dynamics are observed, representing a step towards a program for studying quantum gravity in the laboratory.

Many recent experiments have stored quantum information in bosonic modes, such as photons in resonators or optical fibres. Now an adaptation of the classical spherical codes provides a framework for designing quantum error correcting codes for these platforms.

Operating donor-based quantum computers in silicon is hindered by the dependence of inter-qubit coupling on the precise donor position. Here, the authors show controlled rotation operation on exchange-coupled electron spins in the weak-exchange regime, loosening the requirements on positioning precision.

A scheme to prepare a magic state, an important ingredient for quantum computers, on a superconducting qubit array using error correction is proposed that produces better magic states than those that can be prepared using the individual qubits of the device.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Decoded quantum interferometry is a quantum algorithm that uses the quantum Fourier transform to reduce optimization problems to decoding problems.

The boundaries of fractional quantum Hall states can host multiple, interacting one-dimensional edge modes, which test our understanding of strongly interacting systems. Here the authors observe the edge-mode equilibration transition that was predicted for the ν=2/3 fractional quantum Hall state.

DNA methylation and gene expression data integration identify aging-related genes in blood that predict health outcomes, offering new insights into aging biology and potential therapeutic targets.

Staphylococcus aureus is able to evade host immune responses by expressing surface adhesins, like collagen binding adhesin (Cna). Here, the authors report the role of Cna during S. aureus skin infections.

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are primary tools for precise optical control over living cells. Structures of a viral ChR, OLPVR1, in closed (1.1 Å) and open (1.3 Å) states reveal the key details of its molecular mechanism.

Quantum neural networks could help analysing the output of quantum computers and quantum simulators of growing complexity. Here, the authors use a 7-qubit superconducting quantum processor to show how a quantum convolutional neural network can correctly recognise the phase of a quantum many-body state.

Fodelianakis et al. examine the role of immigration and selection as the means of community homogenisation in a bacterial metacommunity. They confirmed the role of immigration in homogenisation, even when immigration was four times slower than growth.

A comprehensive atlas platform integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.

Qudits, higher-dimensional analogues of qubits, expand quantum state space for information processing using fewer physical units. Here the authors demonstrate control over a 16-dimensional Hilbert space, equivalent to four qubits, using combined electron-nuclear states of a single Sb donor atom in Si.

Optoelectronic and photonic devices require materials with multiple, often conflicting functionalities, leading to integration challenges. Here, the authors demonstrate that layered PdSe₂ is suitable for infrared photodetection, light guiding and photothermal applications due to its peculiar semimetallic band structure.