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Machine learning predicts Cu-Al electrocatalysts provide better efficiency and productivity than copper when using intermittent renewable electricity to convert carbon dioxide to useful chemicals and fuels.

Heinen et al. show that the mitochondrial import complex recruits lipid droplets to the mitochondrial outer membrane. The mitochondrial import complex binds to the lipid metabolism enzyme Ayr1 and contributes to lipid-droplet biogenesis and homeostasis.

ER membranes tune protein degradation to lipid composition. Using reconstitution approaches, the authors show that the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2J2 senses lipid packing, modulating its own and partner enzyme activities; together, they integrate lipid saturation and cholesterol signals.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts often comprise multiple metal ions in various configurations, hampering mechanistic understanding of how catalysis proceeds. Now, researchers prepare a series of double-atom OER catalysts based on Ni, Fe and Co, which act as molecular-like models and are more amenable to mechanistic study.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a proteasome similar to eukaryotes. This study reveals how the activator Bpa recruits its substrate HspR, providing structural and mechanistic insights. The authors identify key Bpa residues involved in substrate binding, shedding light on the Bpa-proteasome pathway.

Conventional carbon synthesis is energy intensive. Here, the authors introduce an energy-autonomous pathway using polyaniline-HClO₄ composites. This rapid reaction yields carbon nanosheets with tunable active sites for electrocatalysis.

The carbon and energy efficiencies of current CO₂/CO electrolysis systems are limited. Here the authors show that these metrics can be improved by controlling ion flows in the vicinity of a copper catalyst by the application of a covalent organic framework.

Lattice-oxygen redox is pivotal for high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Here, LiNiO₂, a unary 3d-transition metal oxide catalyst, exhibits superefficient activity during the OER due to the creation of double O 2p holes states, according to operando XAS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy observations.

Vertebra lengths differ from the neck to the tail tip and differ between species, evidenced by extreme differences in mouse and jerboa tails. Here, Weber and colleagues identify cellular mechanisms and candidate genes that shape vertebral proportion.

Green hydrogen production via water electrolysis requires a low-cost solution to provide efficient catalysts. Here, the authors report an industrially scalable method for synthesizing NiFe layered double hydroxide at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, enhancing alkaline electrolysis.

Reactive chiral systems have attracted much attention in biology, optoelectronics, and photonics; however, a comprehensive understanding of these systems remains incomplete. Here the authors show the reversible chirality of AuAg_x-cys coordination polymers induced by pH changes.

An electrothermal fluorination methodology has been developed to transform granular activated carbon-sorbed aqueous film-forming foam waste into graphene and a fluorinating reagent, subsequently enabling lithium recovery from brine sources.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

5-Deoxyribose is formed from 5′-deoxyadenosine, a toxic byproduct of radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes. Here, the authors identify and biochemically characterize a bacterial salvage pathway for 5-deoxyribose, consisting of three enzymes, and solve the crystal structure of the key aldolase.

The replication of hepatitis B virus involves the formation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which relies on a set of undefined host factors. Here, the authors use a cell-free system to reconstitute cccDNA formation and identify the minimal set of host factors required, which are components of the lagging-DNA-strand replication machinery.

Charged-sorbents are a new class of designer sorbent materials for the capture of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and can be regenerated at low temperatures with direct heating generation using renewable electricity.

ABACUS2 Förster resonance energy transfer biosensors allow an unparalleled view of abscisic acid accumulations and depletions in living plants. Well-watered roots accumulate abscisic acid in growing cells upon shoot dehydration and this is essential to maintain root growth under low humidity.

Electrotherapy requires electronic powered devices, set-up, and accessories. Here the authors, developed an integrated single-use platform for wearable electrotherapy as simple as a band-aid

ZeoBind is developed for high-throughput molecule screening in zeolite synthesis. Here 2.3 million organic structure-directing agents are enumerated and predictive models for binding affinity are developed; the screening is experimentally validated for two zeolites.

Water oxidation catalysis may provide the electrons needed for sustainable fuel production, but catalysts often degrade under working conditions. Here, authors introduce soluble species into perovskites to exert positive ion leaching effects for enhancing perovskite stability and activity.

Telomere maintenance by telomerase depends on the correct assembly and the recruitment of the enzyme complex. Here, the authors reveal that the RNA/DNA binding proteins NONO, SFPQ, and PSPC1 interact with telomerase via the hTR RNA template, facilitating telomerase trafficking out of Cajal bodies and recruitment to the telomere.

A supercomplex comprising all four respiratory chain components contributes to the induction of mitochondrial membrane curvature and tubulation of cristae.

The production of higher alcohols is very valuable because of their high volumetric energy density. Now, Sargent, Sinton and co-workers report the design of copper nanoparticles with tailored nanocavities that promote n-propanol formation by the coupling of C2 and C1 intermediates inside the cavity.

The catalytic mechanism of [Fe]-hydrogenases is not well understood. Now a signal-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance method based on parahydrogen is introduced to study [Fe]-hydrogenase under turnover conditions in situ, revealing intermediates of the catalytic cycle.

The TOM and TIM23 complexes facilitate the transport of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondrial matrix. Here, the authors use a stalled client protein to purify the translocation supercomplex and gain insight into the TOM-TIM23 interface and the mechanism of protein handover from the TOM to the TIM23 complex.

Here the authors demonstrate that the assembly of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex (III₂–IV) from Toxoplasma gondii is critical for parasite fitness. They reveal the basis for cytochrome b inhibition by atovaquone and improved ELQ inhibitors.

Using blood-based genome sequence data, non-genetic and genetic factors associated with control of Epstein–Barr virus during persistent infection are reported.

The zebra finch robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) directs singing by providing descending projections to brainstem motor neurons. The authors show that electrophysiological characteristics of RA neurons rely on resurgent Na+ currents that emerge early during song development only in males.

Macrolide antibiotics inhibit bacterial translation in a context-specific manner, arresting ribosomes at defined sites within mRNAs and selectively inhibiting synthesis of only a subset of cellular proteins. Here the authors provide a structural basis for the context-specific activity of macrolides on the eukaryotic ribosome.

Water electrolysis provides a potential means to large-scale renewable fuel generation, although sluggish oxygen evolution kinetics challenges progress. Here, authors report on Ruddlesden–Popper oxides as active oxygen evolution electrocatalysts that provide impetus for overcoming kinetic barriers.

The soil microbiome communicates with plant roots using a chemical language. Here, using p-coumaroyl-homoserine lactone as the synthetic communication signal, the authors demonstrate programmable microbe-to-plant communication from the sender in the soil bacteria to a receiver in the plant.

Ribosome engineering is an emerging powerful approach for synthetic protein synthesis. Here the authors invert the Ribo-T system, using the engineered ribosome to translate the proteome while the native ribosome translates specific mRNA.

The accuracy of eukaryotic ribosome translocation relies on eukaryote-specific elements of the 80S ribosome, elongation factor 2 and transfer RNAs, all of which contribute to the maintenance of the messenger RNA reading frame.

Mitochondrial ATP synthases are involved in shaping the mitochondrial cristae. The cryo-EM structure of type III ATP synthase reveals the architecture of the unusual, asymmetrical, U-shaped dimer and offers insights into the interaction with the natural inhibitor IF1 and membrane lipids. The structure of the enzyme tetramer suggests the mechanism of membrane curvature generation.

This study reports that nuclear speckle constituents have two expression states in cancer correlating with patient survival and HIF-2α functional programs. HIF-2α mediates nuclear speckle association of key genes activated in renal cancer.

Ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 is essential for endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation. Vasic et al. demonstrate that Hrd1 forms a retrotranslocation channel controlled by auto-ubiquitination and substrate binding.

Carbene chemistry is used to introduce difluoromethyl groups labelled with fluorine-18 into compounds for positron emission tomography imaging, using a reagent designed for high molar activity and versatility.

How the environment regulates neuronal maturation during brain development is poorly understood. Here, Kreysing et al. identify brain stiffness as a key factor and determine a mechanotransduction pathway linking tissue mechanics to neuronal maturation.

The remarkable fidelity of the cyanobacterial clock is poorly understood. Here, the authors reconstitute the clock in cell-like vesicles and reveal that high protein concentrations, associated regulators, and transcription translation feedback buffer stochastic variation in protein levels to maintain high fidelity and phase synchrony.

Production of hydrogen fuel by electrolysis of low-grade or saline water, as opposed to pure water, could have benefits in terms of resource availability and cost. This Review examines the challenges of this approach and how they can be addressed through catalyst and electrolyser design.

By using cryo-EM and biochemical assays, Loeff et al. reveal the mechanistic basis for the protective function of the oxidoreductase PYROXD1 that maintains the activity of the tRNA ligase complex under aerobic conditions.

Structures of prokaryotic homologues of STING permit the reconstruction of the evolutionary trajectory of its incorporation into metazoan innate immunity, and reveal a role for the conserved cGAS–STING pathway in prokaryotic defence against bacteriophages.

Thylakoid K⁺/H⁺ exchange by KEA3 optimizes photosynthesis during light fluctuations. Here, the authors show that a combination of stromal pH, ATP, ADP and NADP⁺, NADPH induces structural re-arrangements required for KEA3 regulation in vivo.

PU.1^low CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressive cells in Alzheimer’s disease, mitigating its progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load, indicating potential immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment.

RNA polymerase V transcription in plants, which is needed DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing, requires components of the DDR complex. Here the authors show that all components of the DDR complex co-localize with Pol V and report the cryoEM structures of two complexes associated with Pol V recruitment.

Cryo-electron microscopy combined with chemical crosslinking and mass spectrometry is used to determine the structure of the large subunit of the mammalian mitoribosome; this structure provides detailed structural insight, particularly of the molecular architecture of the polypeptide exit site, which has been structurally remodelled during evolution, presumably to help facilitate the membrane insertion of the highly hydrophobic proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome.