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Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Strongly enhanced optical nonlinearities and an ultrafast transition from coherent to incoherent polariton excitations are demonstrated by coupling an atomically thin WS₂ layer to a plasmonic nanostructure using ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopy.

Spinal cord organoids from SMA patients reveal widespread neurodevelopmental defects. Single-cell and functional analyses show global dysregulation, which can be rescued by SMN-increasing therapy, stressing the importance of timely intervention.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Microglia influence amyloid-β effects on astrocyte reactivity in the living brain of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. This phenomenon further contributes to cognitive impairment via tau phosphorylation and aggregation.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

A miniaturized frequency up-converted electrically tunable single-mode photonic source in the 9.0–10.5 THz range is demonstrated.

CSF total tau (t-tau), often used as a marker of neuronal damage, is more strongly linked to synaptic degeneration. Here, the authors show that t-tau better reflects synaptic dysfunction than axonal or neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides hold promise as scalable single-photon sources. Here, the authors demonstrate all-electrical, single-photon generation in tungsten disulphide and diselenide, achieving charge injection into the layers, containing quantum emitters.

Graphene's remarkable properties make it ideal for optoelectronic devices, and its two-dimensional nature enables its integration with photonic structures. By combining a graphene transistor with a planar microcavity, Engelet al. control the spectrum of the photocurrent and the light emitted by the device.

Reconfigurable wavelength-selective devices are essential components of flexible optical networks. Here the authors show a silicon-photonic add-drop multiplexer meeting the strict requirements of telecom systems in terms of broadband operation range, hitless tunability and polarization transparency.

Quantum emitters have been recently isolated in 2D materials, yet their spatial controllability remains an open challenge. Here, the authors devise a method to create arrays of quantum emitters in WSe₂ and WS₂, by taking advantage of the strain distribution induced by a nanopatterned silica substrate.

Analyses of single-cell transcriptomic data from patients with VEXAS syndrome combined with xenotransplantation experiments in a mouse model of the disease provide insights on the mechanisms of clonal dominance of mutated cells leading to bone marrow failure

Tissue fluidification in invasive breast carcinoma is accompanied by mechanical stresses that compromise nuclear integrity and liberate DNA, resulting in the activation of a pro-inflammatory response that shape tumour evolution and progression.

Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. The dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents can produce graphene monolayers with a yield of about 1% by weight. Moreover, these samples are free from defects and oxides, and can be used to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites.

Multi-exciton states may emerge in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides as a result of strong many-body interactions. Here, the authors report experimental evidence of four- and five-particle biexciton complexes in monolayer WSe₂ and their electrical control.

This study shows that glial reactivity is linked to synaptic dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer’s disease, with tau pathology mediating these effects–highlighting the potential of synaptic biomarkers track disease progression.

Scarfò, Randolph et al. perform transcriptomic analysis of 28- to 32-day human embryos and identify CD32 as a marker of haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs), thus providing a strategy to isolate HECs from human embryos and pluripotent stem cell cultures.

Group-IV color centers in diamond show promise for spin-photon interfaces, but precise positioning and activation are challenging. Here the authors combine site-controlled ion implantation with laser annealing and in-situ photoluminescence monitoring to create and tune individual tin vacancy centers in diamond.

A significant proportion of individuals with inherited neuromuscular disease do not receive a genetic diagnosis. Here, the authors establish CCG expansions in the 5’ untranslated region of ABCD3 as a cause of oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) in individuals of European ancestry and identify increased expression of expansion-containing ABCD3 transcripts as a possible disease mechanism underlying muscle degeneration.

The Golgi mitotic checkpoint couples Golgi inheritance with cell cycle transition, and regulates centrosomal recruitment of the mitotic kinase Aurora-A. Here the authors show that upon Golgi ribbon fragmentation in G2, Src phosphorylates Aurora-A at the Golgi, driving its localization to the centrosomes.

Aarno Palotie and colleagues present results of a large genome-wide association study of migraine. They identified significant associations at 38 distinct loci and found enrichment for genes expressed in vascular and smooth muscle tissues.

The role of epigenetic deregulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood yet. Here the authors use patient-derived organoids, epigenomics and single-cell RNA-seq to reveal that YAP/TAZ are key regulators that bind to active enhancers in CRC and promote tumour survival.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic disease where an aberrant form of Lamin A disrupts chromatin by interfering with lamina associated domains. Here, the authors present the SAMMY-seq, a method for genome-wide characterization of heterochromatin dynamics and detect early stage alterations of heterochromatin structure in progeria primary fibroblasts, accompained by Polycomb dysfunctions.

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clonogenic activity, lineage output, lineage commitment and somatic mutation rates are influenced by the underlying disease, patient age, extent of genetic defect correction and hematopoietic stress imposed by the inherited disease, suggesting HSC adaptation.

Leukaemia development has been reported as an associated risk of haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSPC-GT) using retroviral vectors in different diseases. Here, the authors show a case of T-cell acute lymphoid leukaemia in a patient with Adenosine Deaminase-deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) treated with retroviral gene therapy.

The overexpression of the ecotropic viral integration site-1 gene (EVI1/MECOM) marks the most lethal acute myeloid leukemia subgroup carrying 3q26 abnormalities. Here, pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors are identified as potent repressors of EVI1 and PA2G4 as a druggable target.

Gate tunable and ultrabroadband third-harmonic generation can be achieved in graphene, paving the way for electrically tunable broadband frequency converters for applications in optical communications and signal processing.

The relationship between lipid dyshomeostasis and tau pathology in FTLD and AD remains unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that GRAMD1B contributes to lipid dyshomeostasis, autophagy impairment, and tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons.

Photochemical isomerisation can engender large conformational rearrangements, giving rise to switchable physical and electronic properties. Here, the authors use azo-benzene derivatives as addressable surfactants to facilitate the exfoliation of graphene and provide light activated modulation.

Images collected during NASA’s DART mission of the asteroid Didymos and its moon, Dimorphos, are used to explore the origin and evolution of the binary system. Authors analysis indicate that both asteroids are weak rubble piles and that Didymos’ surface should be about 40 to 130 times older than Dimorphos.

Exosome targeting for therapeutic needs remains a challenge. Here, the authors show that ferromagnetic-nanotube-passivated exosomes promote the transition of proinflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state and myogenic maturation of dystrophic muscle progenitors in a murine model.

Immune cells are known to aggravate the inflammatory impact of Duchene muscular dystrophy. Here, the authors describe impaired thymic development and suggest thymic involution in this model of disease is linked to disease acceleration due to impaired immunological tolerance.

PIP4Ks are phosphoinositide kinases often dysregulated in cancer. Here Poli and colleagues find that PIP4K2B is downregulated on soft substrates, and its depletion leads to altered nuclear mechanical properties and defects in cell spreading and motility.

Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (NfL) is a biomarker for neurodegeneration that can also be assessed in blood. Here the authors show in a validation study the potential for plasma NfL as a biomarker for several neurodegenerative diseases.

In this work, authors propose a synergistic approach combining state-of-the-art deterministic forecasting model with artificial intelligence for predicting lightning occurrences. The strategy shows efficient predictive capabilities at medium-range forecast horizons.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease reveal that tau tangles accumulate as a function of amyloid-β burden only in individuals positive for an astrocyte reactivity biomarker.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are apical actin enriched structures involved in the interpretation of growth factor gradients during cell migration. Here, the authors find that a RAB35/PI3K axis is necessary and sufficient for the formation and stabilization of polarized CDRs and persistent directional migration.

Stacking of two-dimensional materials in heterostructures is known to yield interesting electronic structures. Here, the authors study shear modes via Raman spectroscopy in twisted multilayer graphene, finding that the interlayer coupling at the interface is weaker than in Bernal-stacked systems.