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Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

The host microbiome may influence asthma susceptibility differently across diverse geographic or ethnic populations. Here the authors perform a microbiome study of asthma in US Hispanic/Latino adults and evaluate the influence of obesity and genetic factors on the relationship between microbiome characteristics and asthma.

CRISPR/Cas13a is a promising tool for RNA detection but often requires pre-amplification steps. Here, the authors present CRISPR Anti-tag Mediated Room-temperature RNA Detection (CARRD) using a single Cas13a and an anti-tag hairpin for sensitive HIV and HCV testing without pre-amplification.

The study of insulating material by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is limited by charging artefacts. Here, the authors report an interleaved scanning approach on frozen-hydrated biological samples that fosters charge dissipation and attenuates artefacts.

A hybrid extracellular matrix–hydrogel with tunable mechanical stiffness and biochemical composition of young or aged cardiac tissue is used to identify the specific contributions of extracellular matrix ligands and mechanics for fibroblast aging.

Endosomal recycling relies on SNX17 to transport membrane proteins via Retriever. Here, authors reveal the mechanisms of SNX17 autoinhibition and its interaction with Retriever, uncovering a broader family of factors with similar binding strategies.

Sequencing analysis of tamoxifen-associated uterine cancers and further in vivo analyses suggest that the drug tamoxifen can activate the PI3K pathway in the absence of oncogenic mutations.

Organic thermoelectric materials are emerging as low-cost, versatile alternatives to more established inorganic ones. Avery et al. report carbon nanotube-based materials with selected properties that exhibit enhanced thermoelectric performance.

Many recent proteomics studies use either Olink or SomaScan platforms to quantify proteins in high-throughput, but the consistency between the two is unclear. Here, the authors measure proteins in the same samples using both platforms, finding only modest correlation, and compare associations with genetic variants and disease.

Development of diamond-based quantum and electronic technologies requires heterogeneous integration, which has remained challenging. This work realizes direct bonding of single crystal diamond membranes to a broad range of technology-relevant substrates while maintaining quantum coherence for hosted qubits.

ADP-heptose binds to ALPK1, triggering transcriptional reprogramming and NF-κB activation, endowing pre-leukaemic cells with a competitive advantage due to excessive clonal proliferation.

Minor changes to complex structures can exert major influences on synthesis strategy and functional properties but synthetic difficulties can obstruct the exploration of natural product function. Here the authors explore two parallel series of picrotoxinin analogs and identify leads with selectivity between mammalian and insect ion channels.

By inserting RNA-binding domains to an active-site-proximal loop amidst CRISPR–Cas, Yang, Song et al. generate variants with enhanced collateral activity for ultrasensitive and amplification-free RNA detection when coupled with electrochemical sensing platforms.

The intact proviral DNA assay quantifies the genomically intact HIV reservoir, but assay failure due to HIV-1 polymorphism has been observed. Here, the authors report a 28% failure rate in a cohort of people with HIV-1, and note within-host HIV-1 diversity as a further challenge to IPDA accuracy.

Methods to generate beige adipocytes from a human cell source are inefficient. Here, the authors present a protocol that efficiently generates beige adipocytes from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which have potential utility in therapeutic development relating to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

Here, using methylCIBERSORT, the authors characterize the tumour-immune microenvironment of paediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumours and its association with tumour type and prognosis. These findings suggest that immuno-methylomic profiling may inform immunotherapy approaches in paediatric patients with CNS tumour.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Zhang et al. report that INST10, part of the Integrator enhancer module, promotes epigenetic changes and transcription factor binding at enhancers that drive neural cell fate commitment by stabilizing SOX2 binding at chromatin upon pluripotency exit.

A study generates a clinicogenomics dataset resource, MSK-CHORD, that combines natural language processing-derived clinical annotations with patient medical data from various sources to improve models of cancer outcome.

Nutritional modification including fasting has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk linked to western diet. Here the authors show implementation of fasting resulted in alterations to the intestinal microbiota, and circulating immune cells, improving blood pressure and body weight in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is characterized using population genomics, genetic crosses and gene editing.

The role of MYC in transcriptional reprogramming in prostate cancer remains poorly characterized. Here, MYC overexpression antagonizes the canonical AR transcriptional program leading to prostate tumor initiation and progression by disrupting transcriptional pause release at AR-regulated genes.

The myeloma cell surface proteome regulates plasma cell biology and delineates therapy targets. Here, the authors profile the myeloma surfaceome at baseline and in drug resistance, finding the potential target CCR10, and include a streamlined approach to primary sample analysis.

High-throughput electron tomography has been challenging due to time-consuming alignment and reconstruction. Here, the authors demonstrate real-time tomography with dynamic 3D tomographic visualization integrated in tomviz, an open-source 3D data analysis tool.

The millimetre image of the Centaurus A nucleus by the Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet. The source’s event horizon shadow should be visible at terahertz frequencies, consistent with the universal scale invariance of black holes.

Quantitative MRI data acquired from patients with locally advanced breast cancer are used to calibrate a biophysical, reaction–diffusion mathematical model to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy on an individual patient basis.

Disease risk and treatment response is determined by an individual's complex history of genetic and environmental interactions. Personalized health care therefore requires an in-depth understanding of patient biology that can now be measured using '-omics' technologies. In this Review, different metabolic profiling methods and applications are described that might introduce a new dimension in personalized patient care in gastroenterology and hepatology.