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Climate change-induced sea-level rise poses a significant societal challenge, but the extent of potential inundation remains uncertain. Looking at the recent geologic past and at prehistoric human adaptation provides valuable insights into possible new coastlines and strategies to help inform the future of modern coastal communities.

[10]annulene derivatives are typically non-planar and non-aromatic, with aromatic planar variants suffering from kinetic instability. Now, the synthesis of a planar and aromatic dehydro[10]annulene featuring a fused cyclopropane and an internal alkyne is reported. The resulting hydrocarbon is bench stable and can be stored for extended periods of time.

It is often assumed that neuronal responses to value are linear, in part because this is important for rational economic decision-making. Here, the authors find, in two male macaques, that value is encoded along a curved manifold in the prefrontal cortex and that this curvature imposes bounds on rational decision-making.

Quiescent and senescent cells often arise side by side after stress, yet their molecular relationship remains unclear. Here, the authors combine live-cell imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal a continuum of cell-cycle withdrawal.

Acetylation of histone H3K23 has emerged as an essential posttranslational modification, yet this epigenetic mark remains poorly understood. Here, the authors identify the native MORF complex as a histone H3K23-specific acetyltransferase and show that interaction of the MORF subunit with acylated H3K14 promotes acetylation of H3K23 by this complex to activate transcription.

Mosquito salivary glands and malaria parasites exhibit daily rhythms, which impact blood feeding and sporozoite gene expression.

Spatial transcriptomics was combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing to annotate healthy and fibrotic human livers, improving spatial resolution of hepatocytes and receptor-ligand interactions and identifying cell populations that expand with injury.

In chemical-genetic and lipidomics analyses, the clinical candidate oncology drug tegavivint induced an unconventional form of nonapoptotic cell death that required the lipid metabolic enzyme trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is characterized by TDP-43 proteinopathy in the brain. Here, the authors find TDP-43 aggregation might be mediated by the loss of Asparaginase-like 1, an enzyme that degrades detrimental isoaspartates and is downregulated by the endogenous retrovirus HML-2.

Climate change will reduce seagrass ranges leading to increased endemism. Such changes will cause differentiation in some regions and homogenization in other areas. The current marine protected areas will be insufficient to protect seagrasses.

Here the authors report the structure of the proteasome of Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv), a protozoan causing trichomoniasis. It shows how inhibitors target this enzyme and provides basis for developing specific proteasome inhibitors to treat trichomoniasis.

Analyses of soil microbiomes across the United States reveal pervasive multidimensional specialization and generalization across prokaryotic communities impacting evolutionary trajectories, microbial dominance and community roles.

Mutations of the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase ASH1L have been linked to several human diseases. Here, the authors report the mechanism by which three C-terminal domains in ASH1L regulate its enzymatic activity and interact with chromatin.

JADE is a subunit of human acetyltransferase complex HBO1 that is essential in transcriptional regulation. Gaurav et al. characterize the molecular mechanism by which JADE mediates genomic association and enzymatic and pathological activities of the HBO1 complex.

A meta-analysis of peer-review data from over 300,000 biological sciences manuscripts reveals worse review outcomes for authors from historically excluded groups, and limited data evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to address bias in peer review.

YEATS domains are histone acylation readers that recognize crotonyllysine and acetyllysine. Here the authors provide structural insights into how YEATS domains recognize acetyllysines and further show that the human AF9 YEATS domain also binds DNA.

Chromosomal translocations involving the AF10 gene, especially with CALM, are associated with aggressive leukemias. Here the authors show that the PZP domain of AF10, a histone reader, is always excluded/impaired in AF10 fusions, whereas incorporation of this domain downregulates Hoxa genes and blocks leukemogenesis.

Oblique line scan microscopy achieves nanoscale spatial and sub-millisecond temporal resolution across a large field of view, enabling improved and robust single-molecule biophysical measurements and single-molecule tracking in both cells and solution.

Inhibitor of apoptosis BIRC2 mediates cell death and survival. Tencer et al. report the molecular mechanism underlying BIRC2 cellular localization and describe the effect of BIRC2 inhibition on the death of cancer cells and HIV-1-infected T cells.

This study assessed COVID-19 social science preprints’ replicability using structured groups. Both beginners and more-experienced participants used a elicitation protocol to make better-than-chance predictions about the reliability of research claims under high uncertainty.

Pyramidal cells are classically thought to comprise the excitatory output of the subiculum. Here, the authors show the existence of “ovoid cells”, excitatory subiculum neurons with specialized gene expression, morphology, projections, and function.

Here the authors report that the Taf2 and Taf14 subunits of the yeast TFIID complex interact and mediate binding to chromatin. Binding of Taf2 to Taf14 promotes a conformational rearrangement in Taf14, resulting in a release of the linker region for the engagement with the nucleosome and their association with DNA is essential for transcriptional regulation.

Resorption of myocardial scar and subsequent regeneration may be influenced by the extent of irreversible pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline collagen cross-links that develop in the scar. Hydroxylation of lysine in collagen may regulate this process.

Tau-mediated neurodegeneration is driven by disease-activated microglia and suppressed by their pharmacological blockade. The authors identified drug dose- and sex-dependent residual microglial phenotypes, neuronal excitotoxicity, and animal survival.

Here the authors identify age-associated changes in the epithelial cell compartment of the thymus that form high-density nonproductive microenvironmental niches that contribute toward thymic involution and inhibit its repair following injury.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Structural and functional studies highlight the molecular regulation of assembling the mitochondrial division machinery. The core unit is closed, and specific interactions open this unit to facilitate assembly at the right place and time in cells.

Combined multimodal atomic force microscopy, ion microscopy, ion mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry experiments explore the chemical properties of ferroelastic twin domains in hybrid lead halide perovskites.

Meng et al. show that ZBTB43 alters Z-DNA structures to prevent deleterious double-strand breaks and promote DNA methylation at purine–pyrimidine repeats in the mouse germ line.

Iridium-based oxides are the most active catalysts for acidic water oxidation, but a complete understanding of their surface reconstruction under operation remains elusive. Now three key paracrystalline structural motifs are identified on the seemingly amorphous reconstructed IrO_x surface.

The development of metal–organic magnets that combine tunable magnetic properties with other desirable physical properties remains challenging despite numerous potential applications. Now, a mixed-valent chromium–triazolate material has been prepared that exhibits itinerant ferromagnetism with a magnetic ordering temperature of 225 K, a high conductivity and large negative magnetoresistance (23%).

Methane emission from a very cool brown dwarf, perhaps arising from an aurora, has been detected in James Webb Space Telescope observations.

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mark in mammals. The maintenance of this mark relies on two key proteins: DNMT1 and UHRF1. Here the authors show that, beyond activating DNMT1, UHRF1 has crucial regulatory functions in cancer cells.

Single-cell RNA sequencing of cells from humans with multiple sclerosis and mice with a model of the disease identifies a population of disease-promoting astrocytes in which anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins are suppressed.

A pan-betacoronavirus vaccine will likely require the elicitation of antibodies against spike regions conserved across diverse coronaviruses. Here, authors computationally engineer and experimentally validate immunogens to elicit antibodies against two such spike regions.

Body size and composition are complex traits that are challenging to characterize due to environmental and genetic influences. Here, Arehart et al. disentangle shared and distinct genetic signals underlying body size and composition.

Schahram Akbarian and colleagues report that mutation of the gene encoding the SETDB1 (KMT1E) histone methyltransferase in mouse neurons leads to dissolution of chromosome conformations and a topologically associated domain at the clustered protocadherin locus. They show that SETDB1 prevents excess CTCF binding and is important for maintaining developmentally important higher-order chromatin organization.

Structural and biochemical analyses identify the ZZ domain of p300 as a novel histone H3–binding module that promotes p300 chromatin association and is required for selective acetylation of H3K18 and H3K27 in human cells.

A bacterial family of cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases synthesizes a diverse range of cyclic dinucleotide and trinucleotide compounds that are likely to modulate the interaction of both pathogens and commensal microbiota with their animal and plant hosts.

Histone methyltransferase MLL4 is a transcriptional regulator. Here the authors identify the PHD6 finger of MLL4 as a selective reader of the epigenetic modification H4K16ac and show that a subset of MLL4 chromatin binding sites overlap with H4K16ac-enriched regions, which depends on MOF activity.

Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct composition and organization of cells and circuits in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC) relative to adjacent cortices, which concur with PFC’s diverse functions, and also help detect neurons involved in chronic pain.

A new technology for proteome-scale assessment of human exoproteome–microbiome interactions exposes an extensive network of transkingdom connectivity.

Here, Ejemel et al. report the identification and characterization of a cross-neutralizing human IgA monoclonal antibody, named MAb362, that binds the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike, blocking its interaction with the ACE2 host receptor.

Deep learning algorithms perform as well as humans in identifying cells in tissue images.

Sustained cardiac function depends on circadian REV-ERBs. Here, Dierickx et al. show that circadian nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β are indispensable to establish the transcriptional program that controls cardiac metabolism and NAD⁺ production. Deregulation of REV-ERBs leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death.

The multikilobase reads that can be produced by single-molecule sequencing technologies may span complex, repetitive genomic regions but have high error rates. Bashir et al. use these reads to organize contigs assembled from accurate, short-read data, facilitating the analysis of clinically important regions of an outbreak strain of cholera.

A number of histone lysine modifications related to acetylation have been identified, but their functional significance is unclear. Here, the authors use in vitro and in vivo assays to characterize eight acyl histone post-translational modifications and link their abundance with metabolism.

Population receptive fields (pRFs) in the visual system are key information-processors, but how they develop is unknown. Here, authors use fMRI and pRF modeling in children and adults to show that in the ventral stream only pRFs in face- and word-selective regions continue to develop, mirroring changes in viewing behavior.