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Simultaneous single-cell protein and transcriptome analysis identifies a baseline immune circuit associated with antibody responses to vaccination in healthy individuals and the severity of disease flares in patients with a subtype of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Electrically manipulating molecular magnetism is a challenge to overcome for applications in high-density storage. Here, the authors use inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy to show that a vibron-assisted spin excitation in a nickel-nickelocene complex exceeds a pure spin excitation in energy and amplitude.

The improved prognosis of children with systemic lupus erythematosus over the past 50 years means that rheumatologists now focus on preventing the long-term complications associated with this disease and its treatment. As discussed in this review, a specialized multidisciplinary approach is needed to ensure optimum family education, treatment and patient outcome in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Exercise modulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in murine models. Here the authors report that there is no evidence that 24 weeks of supervised exercise training modulates BAT volume or function in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.

The blood transcriptome of human subjects can be profiled on an almost routine basis in translational research settings. Here the authors show that a fixed and well-characterized repertoire of transcriptional modules can be employed as a reusable framework for the analysis, visualization and interpretation of such data

While water splitting may afford a renewable means to store energy in chemical bonds, water oxidation catalysts suffer from poor stabilities in acidic media. Here, authors show sodium doping of strontium ruthenate to improve the catalytic durability while maintaining a high O₂ evolution activity.

Function-altering variants of immune-related genes cause rare autoimmune syndromes, whereas their contribution to common autoimmune diseases remains uncharacterized. Here the authors show that rare variants of lupus-associated genes are present in the majority of lupus patients and healthy controls, but only the variants found in lupus patients alter gene function.

When monolayers of π-conjugated organic semiconductors interact with metal surfaces, most remain semiconducting. In some cases, however, the metallic character of the substrate is seen to extend onto the molecules. A mechanism for this intriguing phenomenon is now suggested and new strategies for chemical surface engineering are proposed.

Collagen cross-linking, mediated by lysyl oxidases (LOX), is critical for the stability of the extracellular matrix. Aldehyde-reactive sensors and collagen peptide probes for monitoring LOX activity enable direct in vivo imaging of collagen maturation.

By studying brain DNA methylation across 13 distantly related animals, the authors show that non-CpG DNA methylation, which plays a regulatory role in cognition, is restricted to vertebrates and was assembled at the origin of the vertebrate lineage as a result of the ancestral vertebrate whole-genome duplication.

In a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, supplementation with a combination of conventional and gut-targeted nicotinamide was safe and effective in ameliorating COVID-19 symptoms.

Analysis of 65 grasslands worldwide from the Nutrient Network experiment reveals that plant communities with higher α- and β-diversity have higher levels of ecosystem multifunctionality, and that this effect is amplified across scales.

Hox genes play a fundamental role in vertebrate development. Here, the authors show that, like in jawed vertebrates, in cyclostomes the onset of Hox gene expression is determined by their position in the Hox gene cluster.

A multi-analytical study of MSU crystals in synovial fluid of gouty patients discloses distinctive textural and ultrastructural features which are not present in abiotic MSU crystals, offering new clues to understand their pathological formation.

In this paper the authors show that the 'nestedness' of mutualistic interactions between animals and plants acts to reduce competition and enhance the number of species. Nested networks seem to occur in many biological and social contexts, indicating that the results are relevant in a wide range of fields, from biology to banking.

Marginal zone B cells differentiate into plasma cells rapidly in response to T-cell-independent antigens, but how they do so is not clear. Here the authors show TACI cooperates with TLR signalling to drive mTOR activity and subsequent class switching and plasmablast differentiation.

Cross coupling under transition-metal-free conditions is an attractive and economic alternative to traditional transition-metal-catalysed methods. Metal-free coupling of azaallyls has now been demonstrated with vinyl bromide electrophiles, delivering allylic amines in excellent yields. Moreover, mechanistic evidence supports dual reaction pathways triggered by azaallyl anions and radicals.

The BIG Bell Test, which used an online video game with 100,000 participants worldwide to provide random bits to 13 quantum physics experiments, contradicts the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen worldview of local realism.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in defence against herbivores. Once the plant is attacked, the memory of aggression can linger for weeks, including in newly formed leaves. The authors investigate what the induced changes in the transcriptome and methylome are, and uncouple short- and long-term effects of JA.

Here the cis form of tau protein, which disrupts axonal microtubules and transport, spreads to other neurons, and leads to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, is found to be produced by neurons immediately after traumatic brain injury (TBI); treating TBI mice with cis antibody blocks early production of cis tau, prevents tauopathy and spread and restores brain structural and functional outcomes, and may be further developed to treat TBI and to prevent neurodegeneration after injury.

Tissue clearing, retrograde tracing and viral gene delivery to target sites in pancreas-innervating ganglia in mice facilitate the mapping and activation of pancreatic nerves and the study of how they regulate glucose metabolism.

People with loss of function of MyD88 or IRAK4 have a surprisingly limited altered phenotype. Chaussabel and colleagues use a systems approach to identify defined signaling modules that are altered in such people.

A chromosomal-barcoding technique is used to study the evolutionary dynamics of approximately 450,000 distinct Escherichia coli lineages at sub-inhibitory antibiotic levels.

José Martín-Subero and colleagues report the whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of ten blood cell subpopulations representing the cellular stages during B cell differentiation. They find that early stages are characterized by enhancer demethylation and that neoplasms derived from B cell lineages undergo methylation changes in regions with dynamic methylation during normal differentiation.

Fibrosis, a maladaptive response characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, disrupts tissue architecture and organ function. Recent advances reveal fibroblast heterogeneity across organs, with shared Postn⁺ activated fibroblast subsets driving fibrogenesis. Emerging evidence links fibrosis to mechanical stress, metabolic rewiring, and non-coding RNA regulation, unveiling novel therapeutic targets. Innovative models and regenerative strategies - including senolytics, metabolic modulation, and in vivo reprogramming – hold promise to reverse fibrosis and promote tissue repair.

Empirically based models of disease progression in familial frontotemporal dementia reveal the relative ordering of clinical, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarker changes and facilitate novel clinical trial designs

A new statistical method is introduced that can predict the outcomes of unobserved experiments in complex communities using only a limited subset of all possible experiments.