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Genome-wide analyses identify genetic loci and plasma proteins associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study highlights the hormonal and metabolic foundations of the disease and explores the impact of polygenic risk for PCOS in both sexes.

Ian Henderson and colleagues report fine-scale mapping and characterization of recombination rates in Arabidopsis thaliana. They find an enrichment of recombination hot spots overlapping transcription start and termination sites, as well as that hot spot–associated promoter regions show elevated levels of chromatin marks, including high H2A.Z, high H3K4me3 and low nucleosome density.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Climate scientists should learn from the naysayers and pull together to get their message across, says Chris Rapley.

A multi-centre genome-wide association study of severe malaria in African children uncovers a new resistance locus close to a cluster of genes encoding glycophorins, which are receptors used by the malaria-causing parasite to invade red blood cells.

Dominic Kwiatkowski and colleagues report analysis of genetic variation in 826 Plasmodium falciparum samples collected from 10 locations in West Africa and southeast Asia. They characterize the population structure of this parasite in Cambodia and find evidence for multiple distinct subpopulations showing high levels of genetic differentiation and artemisinin resistance.

Plasmodium falciparum, known to cause malaria in humans, evolved from parasites of African Great Apes. Here, the authors compare the genome of the human parasite, P. falciparum, with those of two related chimpanzee parasites, P. reichenowi and P. gaboni, and provide insight into the genetic basis of P. falciparumadaptation to human hosts.

Here the authors show that lung epithelial, fibroblast, and endothelial cells retain an imprint of influenza A infection, including increased MHCI/II expression and that re-infection is quickly controlled by a localized antiviral response acting before memory T cells are required.

Here the authors describe multiple structures of the replicative helicase MCM2-7 in complex with Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK). These structures reveal why the kinase specifically recognizes the MCM2-7 double-hexamer over the single-hexamer and explain how DDK can phosphorylate distantly located Mcm tails.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is still not well understood. Here the authors provide patient reported outcomes from 590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and show association of PASC with higher respiratory SARS-CoV-2 load and circulating antibody titers, and in some an elevation in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

Solid helium is predicted to become a metal at extraordinarily high pressures of 25 TPa. Here, the authors predict that helium becomes an excitonic insulator just below the metallization pressure, and a superconductor just above the metallization pressure.

Superconductivity was recently reported experimentally in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride with T_c = 294 K at a pressure of 1 GPa. Here, via theoretical calculations, the authors find no structures capable of supporting conventional superconductivity in the Lu-N-H system at ambient pressure.

Nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride, recently proposed as a superconductor at near-ambient conditions, features distinct color changes from blue to pink to red as a function of pressure. Using theoretical calculations, the authors identify the pink phase as hydrogen-deficient LuH₂ and find that this phase is not a phonon-mediated superconductor near room temperature. Further, the color is controlled by the concentration of hydrogen vacancies.

The role of IgG glycosylation in the immune response has been studied, but less is known about IgM glycosylation. Here the authors characterize glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgM and show that it correlates with COVID-19 severity and affects complement deposition.

A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of ustekinumab in 72 adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes showed that treatment was well tolerated and β-cell function was 49% higher in the intervention group compared to the placebo arm after 12 months.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

The factors influencing risk of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 are poorly understood. Here, the authors use data from the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey, a community based longitudinal study, to assess characteristics of ~45,000 reinfections compared to initial infections.

Will networks of protected areas remain effective as the climate changes? Research into the response of bird populations to climate variance and change attempts to shed light on this issue. Results suggest that despite projected declines in many of the species investigated, most sites that are designated as EU Special Protection Areas in the UK can be expected to retain their conservation value and legal status.

Many SARS-CoV-2 infections may go undetected through conventional PCR or lateral flow tests. Here, the authors analyse the utility of analysing longitudinal nucleocapsid antibody trajectories to improve identification of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections using surveillance data from the UK.

Four genome-wide associated loci are currently known for malaria susceptibility. Here, the authors expand on earlier work by combining data from 11 malaria-endemic countries and additional population sequencing informing an African-enriched imputation reference panel, with findings including a previously unreported association on chromosome 6.

Tracing the source of malarial infections is an important step towards monitoring and controlling the disease. Here, Preston et al. analyse sequence data from 711 isolates and design a genetic barcode based on combined mitochondrial and apicoplast genomes that is able to distinguish between malaria parasites isolated from different geographical regions.

This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

How Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is recruited to active chromatin to mediate transcriptional silencing during lineage specification in metazoans has been unclear. New findings now show that PRC2 component PHF19, which associates with the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66, binds the active chromatin mark H3K36me3 through its Tudor domain, leading to PRC2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation, loss of H3K36me3 and transcriptional silencing.

Estimates of infection rates from the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey may have been biased by the characteristics of people who chose to take part. Here, the authors show that the survey population had unusually high vaccination rates and adjust infection estimates taking this into account.

A genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI) detects 97 BMI-associated loci, of which 56 were novel, and many loci have effects on other metabolic phenotypes; pathway analyses implicate the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and new pathways such as those related to synaptic function, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Dominic Kwiatkowski and colleagues of the MalariaGEN and the WTCCC consortiums report a genome-wide analysis of severe malaria in The Gambia. They provide guidance for design of GWAS in African populations, and demonstrate the usefulness of multipoint imputation based on population-specific sequencing data.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index in more than 224,000 individuals identify 49 loci, 33 of which are new and many showing significant sexual dimorphism with a stronger effect in women; pathway analyses implicate adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution.

An exciting genome-wide association study in the British population for seven common diseases. This analysis confirms previously identified loci and provides strong evidence for many novel disease susceptibility loci.

The impact of prior infection on the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination has not been fully characterised. Here, the authors use data from ~100,000 adults in the UK and find that a single vaccine dose in those with prior infection produces a comparable or stronger response to two doses in those without infection.

Most people who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 seroconvert within a few weeks, but the determinants and duration of the antibody response are not known. Here, the authors characterise these features of the immune response using data from a large representative community sample of the UK population.

This Perspective reviews tools developed over the past five years in the macromolecular modeling, docking and design software Rosetta.

How We Feel is a web and mobile-phone application for collecting de-identified self-reported COVID-19-related data. These data are used to map a diverse set of symptomatic, demographic, exposure and behavioural factors relevant to the ongoing pandemic.

Statins are effectively used to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease, but patient response to these drugs is highly variable. Here, the authors identify two new genes associated with the response of LDL cholesterol to statins and advance our understanding of the genetic basis of drug response.

Mutations in proteins that localize to primary cilia cause devastating diseases, yet the primary cilium is a poorly understood organelle. Here the authors use interaction proteomics to identify a network of human ciliary proteins that provides new insights into several biological processes and diseases.

Jayavelu, Samaha et al., apply machine learning models on hospital admission data, including antibody titers and viral load, to identify patients at high risk for Long COVID. Low antibody levels, high viral loads, chronic diseases, and female sex are key predictors, supporting early, targeted interventions.

The genetic code for amino acids is nearly universal, and among eukaryotic nuclear genomes the only known reassignments are of codon CUG in yeasts. Here, the authors identify a third independent CUG transition in budding yeasts that is still ongoing with alternative tRNAs present in the genome.

The duration and strength of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection resulting from a booster vaccine dose or breakthrough infection are not well understood. This study uses data from the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey to investigate correlates of protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and assess antibody responses to booster vaccination and breakthrough infections.

A large study in the United Kingdom shows that virus-specific antibody levels associated with at least 67% protection against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection last longer after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine than after two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine in previously uninfected individuals.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis with a significant genetic component. Here, the authors analyse immune-related genetic markers in 1,962 PsA patients and 8,923 controls to identify novel PsA risk loci and highlight distinct genetic differences between psoriasis and PsA.

MALT1 mediates NFκB activation. Here the authors perform proteomic analysis of human immunodeficient mutant MALT1 B cells revealing that MALT1 cleaves the HOIL1 subunit of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex to dampen late NFκB activation and to invoke negative feedback of NFκB activation.

The Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network reports a large multicenter association study for severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum in 11,890 cases and 17,441 controls from 12 locations in Africa, Asia and Oceania. They examine 27 loci previously associated with severe malaria and replicate associations at the HBB, ABO, ATP2B4, G6PD and CD40LG loci, but they fail to replicate other previously reported associations.

Ray Ming, Robert Paull, Qingyi Yu and colleagues report the genome sequences of two cultivated pineapple varieties and one wild pineapple relative. Their analysis supports the use of the pineapple as a reference genome for monocot comparative genomics and provides insight into the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.

Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation.

IFN-γ is central in inflammatory pathogenesis, response to infection and autoimmune diseases. Here the authors show that MMP12 expression is reduced in patients with SLE and that MMP12 post-translationally truncates IFN-y, inhibiting its function and affecting pathogenesis of mouse models of peritonitis, SLE and rheumatoid arthritis.