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When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Weak transitions have a prominent role in optical clock devices and fundamental physics tests but are challenging to resolve due to the unfavourable scaling of the cross section with transition strengths. Here, the authors demonstrate enhanced cross sections due to beyond single-photon excitations in He atoms, facilitating applications in precision spectroscopy.

Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas become an important model organism in the field of evolutionary genomics. Comparative genomic analysis of laboratory, wild and domesticated yeast populations is generating insights into how new species form and how populations adapt to their environments.

The conserved eukaryotic heterotrimeric NatC complex co-translationally acetylates the N-termini of numerous target proteins. Here, the authors provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of NatC by determining the crystal structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NatC in the absence and presence of cofactors and peptide substrates and reveal the molecular basis of substrate binding by further biochemical analyses.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

The existing ENCODE registry of candidate human and mouse cis-regulatory elements is expanded with the addition of new ENCODE data, integrating new functional data as well as new cell and tissue types.

Antimicrobial resistance genes that have been mobilized between bacterial species represent a subset of the naturally occurring resistome. Here, the authors compare the abundance, diversity and geographical patterns of acquired resistance genes with latent resistance genes in global sewage metagenomes.

The interaction between hybridisation and polyploidisation is thought to play an important role in eukaryote speciation. Here the authors sequence yeast crosses and show associations between hybridisation, genome instability, and genome duplication, suggesting these may have roles in the establishment of new hybrids.

Free electron laser beam profile characterization is usually performed separately from the actual measurements and this leads to considerable uncertainty in the results. Here the authors demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of the FEL beam profile with the experiment by using integrated gratings.

The Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 outcompetes progenitor SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract replication competition in vivo.

A randomized crossover trial showed that transition to a Western diet resulted in pro-inflammatory changes, whereas transition to an African heritage diet rich in fruits and vegetables, legumes and fermented products led to opposite effects.

Here, the authors describe the geographies, hosts, substrates, and phylogenetic relationships for 1,794 Saccharomyces strains. They provide insight into the genetic and phenotypic diversity in the genus, not seen through prior work focused on the model species Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Gebhardt and colleagues developed a computational method using a naïve Bayes classifier to identify optimal protein labelling sites. Their analysis of 100+ proteins revealed four predictive parameters, leading to a Python package and a web-tool for protein structure analysis and labelling score calculations.

Rapid urbanization can be associated with adverse health implications. de Mast and colleagues compare urban and rural Tanzanian populations using multi-omics and observe that urbanization is associated with an elevated but reversible inflammatory state.

Accurately measuring dietary intake has long been a challenge in nutrition research. Integrating emerging tools with multisampling strategies and a dietary assessment methodology aligned with the research aims enables a more objective and comprehensive evaluation of dietary behaviours—and a deeper understanding of diets’ impact on human and planetary health.

Hybrids have complex genomes that influence their adaptive potential. This study reveals that yeast hybrids adapt slower than their parental species in a new environment, primarily due to a reduced rate of loss of heterozygosity in key genes.

Despite advances in GPCR structures and peptide design, creating high-affinity ligands remains a challenge. Here the authors develop a computational method, successfully identifying peptide-based molecules for KOR: their platform shows promise for streamlined GPCR ligand discovery.

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

How is acetyl-CoA produced in the context of the endogenous, eukaryotic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex metabolon? Here the authors dissect the embedded transacetylase reaction through biochemical, cryo-EM, HADDOCKing and molecular dynamics methods.

Porosity of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks can be preserved beyond glass transition and melt processing. Here centimetre-scale porous glasses are demonstrated, whereas liquid processing enables fine-tuning of the size of the gas-transporting channels for molecular sieving.

First-in-human results from five cohorts of healthy volunteers and individuals with hepatic steatosis show that RNA interference treatment targeting ANGPTL3 was well tolerated and led to reduction in triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol.

Understanding global forces impacting forests is increasingly vital. This study finds that human factors follow climate as the most important factors affecting forest structure globally and are the dominant factor regionally, even in many protected areas and so-called intact forest landscapes.

Macrocycles have potential as therapeutics, but their libraries are currently not large enough for high-throughput screening. Here, the authors show a combinatorial approach to generate a library of almost 20’000 macrocycles by conjugating carboxylic-acid fragments to macrocyclic scaffolds, identifying nanomolar inhibitors against thrombin and binders of MDM2.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of liver cirrhosis and its associated endophenotypes identifies and validates 14 risk variants. Integrative common and rare variant analyses provide insights into the genetic architecture of liver cirrhosis.

Systemic AL amyloidosis is caused by misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) but how post-translational modifications (PTMs) of LCs influence amyloid formation is not well understood. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of an AL amyloid fibril derived from the heart tissue of a patient that is partially pyroglutamylated, N-glycosylated and contains an intramolecular disulfide bond. Based on their structure and biochemical experiments the authors conclude that the mutational changes, disulfide bond and glycosylation determine the fibril protein fold and that glycosylation protects the fibril core from proteolytic degradation.

The acidic tumour microenvironment in melanoma drives immune evasion by cAMP in tumor-infiltrating monocytes. Here, the authors show that the release of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor from micelles restores antitumor immunity and, when combined with regulatory T cell depletion, leads to remission of established B16-F10-OVA tumors.

Kyle Gaulton, Mark McCarthy, Andrew Morris and colleagues report fine mapping and genomic annotation of 39 established type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci. They find that the set of potential causal variants is enriched for overlap with FOXA2 binding sites in human islet and liver cells, and they show that a likely causal variant near MTNR1B increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity, providing a molecular mechanism to explain the effect of this locus on disease risk.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

The occurrence of thermodynamically metastable nanoparticles determines the particle growth in nature, but capturing them is experimentally challenging. Barke et al. identify the three-dimensional shape of metastable silver nanoparticles in gas phase, characterized by X-ray free-electron laser.

Forming 2D polymers in a controlled manner on the atomic and molecular level is difficult. Here, Feng and others have used Schiff-base polycondensation reactions at an air-water or liquid-liquid interface to form porphyrin containing monolayer and multilayer 2D polymers.

Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance. Here, Munk et al. analyse ARGs in hundreds of sewage samples from 101 countries and describe regional patterns, diverse genetic environments of common ARGs, and ARG-specific transmission patterns.

This work investigates the real-world value of topological protection in reciprocal photonics. Measurements of propagation losses in the slow-light regime of valley-Hall topological waveguides yield no indications of topological protection against backscattering on structural defects.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Entomopathogenic nematodes carrying Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria prey on insect larvae in the soil. Now, a comprehensive analysis of the bacterial genome has revealed ubiquitous and unique families of biosynthetic gene clusters. Evaluation of the bioactivity of the natural products expressed by the most prevalent cluster families explains the functional basis of bacterial natural products involved in bacteria–nematode–insect interactions.

Fabrication of hybrid photoelectrodes on a subsecond timescale with low energy consumption remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a modular approach, laser-driven transfer synthesis, to build a library of structurally defined transition metal oxide composite films, enabling the creation of materials for diverse applications.

The Omicron variant is partially attenuated, likely because it fails to efficiently infect lung cells. Here, Hoffmann et. al. show that this defect can be lost during Omicron evolution as demonstrated for the subvariant BA.5 that robustly infects lung cells in vitro and in vivo.

Sequencing data from two large-scale studies show that most of the genetic variation influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes involves common alleles and is found in regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies, clarifying the genetic architecture of this disease.

An analysis based on data from the Global Dietary Database shows mean animal-sourced food intakes among children and adolescents increased modestly from 1990 to two portions per day in 2018, but remain low in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Bangladesh.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

The peripheral nervous system uses neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces to assemble a structural artery–brain circuit, and therapeutic intervention in the artery–brain circuit attenuates atherosclerosis.