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Whether orientation columns exist in the mouse superior colliculus remains unknown. Here, the authors found that orientation columns are dynamically induced by stimulus edge and the resulting stimulus-dependent tuning is associated with saliency encoding.

Vitamin D insufficiency is a major public health problem requiring dietary fortification and supplement solutions. This study produced gene-edited tomato lines that accumulate provitamin D₃ in fruits, offering a new dietary source of vitamin D₃.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were detected early and multiple cases of virus spread not captured by clinical genomic surveillance were identified using high-resolution wastewater and clinical sequencing.

Crop diversification, regulated deficit irrigation, soil mulching, and soil health restoration can optimize water-to-carbon biotransformation in global drylands, according to a meta-analysis study.

The Giant Pairing Vibration is a collective mode in an atomic nucleus caused by coherence between particle-particle excitations, which has so far eluded detection. Cappuzzello et al. present signatures for its existence via heavy-ion-induced two-neutron transfer reactions in carbon nuclei.

High-quality genome assemblies of four Solanum Americanum accessions lead to the identification of three NLR-encoding genes, Rpi-amr4, R02860 and R04373, that recognize potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans effectors.

The de novo synthesis of enzyme-like active sites remains a challenge, due to the difficulties in imitating the spatial arrangement of the functional groups. Here, the authors report the construction of a supramolecular mimetic enzyme possessing catechol oxidase-like copper-cluster active sites.

A distribution in fin widths, due to variability in the fabrication process, can be used to study a latching condition in gallium nitride transistors in which drain current sharply transits from an off-state value to a high on-state value with a slope of less than 60 mV per decade.

Korobkina et al. show that ACLY in brown fat prevents metabolic overload in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thus ensuring adequate thermogenesis by avoiding cellular stress.

A study using calcium imaging in the mouse forepaw system identifies neurons in the posterior insular cortex that respond to cooling and/or warming with distinct response dynamics.

Imaging mass cytometry is used to map the multicellular dynamics of immune checkpoint blockade-treated triple-negative breast cancer, finding that key proliferative fractions and cell–cell interactions drive response, and immunotherapy distinctively remodels tumour structure.

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) accumulate in Solanum, but their hydroxylating enzymes are unknown. Here, the authors report 2-OXOGLUTARATE DEPENDENT DIOXYGENASE enzymes that catalyze the committed hydroxylation steps in the biosynthesis of leptinine insecticidal compounds in wild potato or non-bitter SGAs in cultivated tomato.

Philipp Simon, Massimo Iorizzo, Allen Van Deynze and colleagues report the high-quality assembly of the carrot genome, providing an important resource for crop improvement. They find a candidate gene that regulates carotenoid accumulation and gain further insights into asterid genome evolution, including characterization of two new polyploidization events.

Selective targeting of specific neuronal populations, for genetic or other manipulations, is crucial to much of neuroscience. The authors screened 536 BAC transgenic mouse lines from the GENSAT collection for specific reporter expression in the retina. Here, they describe several mouse lines selectively targeting different retinal cell types. The full dataset is accessible at http://www.gensat.org/retina.jsp.

McGinn et al. show that mechanical stretch in the developing oesophagus promotes the YAP-dependent emergence of a KLF4⁺ committed basal cell population, revealing how physiological strain triggers the transition to adult homeostasis.

Qemistree uses fragmentation spectra to predict molecular fingerprints and represent their relationships as a tree, enabling comparison of metabolomics data across different experimental conditions and exploration of chemical diversity in mixtures.

Singh, Bass and colleagues generate new genomic resources for the aphid crop pest, Myzus persicae, comprising a chromosome-scale genome assembly and resequenced genomes of >100 globally sampled clonal lines. Using this dataset, they uncover both mechanisms underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance and ecological factors that influence its emergence and spread.

A comprehensive map of genomic variation in melon derived from resequencing of 1,175 accessions sheds light on the population structure and domestication history of melon and agronomic traits for melon breeding.

A beneficial effect of parasitic worms on metabolic health has been postulated based on epidemiological and animal studies. Here, the authors show in a phase I clinical trial that treatment of people at risk of type 2 diabetes with hookworms is safe and may improve key measures of metabolic health.

The putative causal agent of citrus greening Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) cannot be cultured, which hampers finding new therapies to control this devastating disease. Here, the authors show that hairy roots support CLas propagation and enable high throughput antimicrobial screening.

Single-cell profiling of vagal sensory neurons from seven organs in mice and calcium-imaging-guided spatial transcriptomics reveal that interoceptive signals are coded through three distinct dimensions, allowing efficient processing of multiple signals in parallel using a combinatorial strategy.

Single-cell whole-genome sequencing shows that 'foreground' cell-to-cell structural variation and alterations in copy number are associated with genomic diversity and evolution in triple-negative breast and high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Basal progenitors are enriched in gyrencephalic species like humans contributing to neuronal expansion. Here the authors show that LGALS3BP de novo variants are related to reduced cortical complexity and area in humans and that LGALS3BP regulates neural progenitor position in organoids, human fetal tissue and mice.

In vivo two-photon calcium imaging analyses of sensory inputs from the gastrointestinal tract and upper airways in mice reveal spatial organization and coding principles of the interoceptive nervous system.

Hybrid rice cultivars are widely planted around the world. Here, the authors resequence 1,143 indica accessions, focusing on the parents of superior hybrid rice lines in China, and reveal genetic loci that are associated with heterosis via measuring frequency of parental variation difference (FPVD).

Residual stresses are pervasive in most modern plastics. Here, the authors show that they promote the migration of low-molecular-weight amorphous polymer and additives from bulk plastics and release micropollutants into water.

Continued sea-level rise is driving the intrusion of saltwater into coastal wetlands and shallow groundwater reservoirs. High-resolution aerial images reveal that saltwater intrusion in the US Mid-Atlantic may be worse than previously thought, with costly impacts on regional agriculture.

The precise cell dynamics of early development have not yet been visualized. Here, the authors use custom 4-lens light sheet microscopy to image and analyze the dynamics of all three fluorescently labeled germlayers, yielding a comprehensive, pan-embryo description of early zebrafish gastrulation.