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This study demonstrates a WAKL4 receptor-like kinase that is rapidly and specifically induced by Cadmium. It reveals a unique mechanism conferred by the WAKL4-NRAMP1 module that enables plants to actively respond to Cadmium and limit its uptake.

C=O cleavage of formamides and full transfer of the resulting fragments into final products are highly appealing, particularly in multi-component reactions for the synthesis of structurally complex molecules. Now three-component reactions of diazo compounds with allylic substrates and formamides are presented, giving extensively reorganized products via multi-step relay.

Ni, Wei, Vona and colleagues use human brain organoids to dissect patient AIRIM variants associated with neurodevelopmental features. A subset of variants impaired ribosome production and protein synthesis, and delayed radial glial cell specification.

Polyol oxidation to dicarboxylic acids is hindered by conflicting needs for C–H activation and product desorption. This work resolves the issue using fully exposed Ptn clusters on hydroxyapatite, enabling efficient and selective catalysis.

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction leads to insulin deficiency in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors show that enhancing MARCH5 or inhibiting TRIM28 boosts insulin production by stabilizing Kindlin-2 and MafA.

The management of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains challenging due to the complexity of its etiology. Here, the authors establish that argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) and its metabolite arginine are pivotal inducers of UC, through the triggering of mTOR and iNOS activation, and the induction of gut microbiota dysbiosis by metabolomics and proteomics. Inhibition of ASS1 by C-01 provides a viable strategy for the treatment of UC.

ErbB2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that localizes to the plasma membrane. Dinget al. now show that ErbB2 also localizes to mitochondria, where it regulates mitochondrial respiratory function and resistance to cancer chemotherapy.

Generative artificial intelligence is used to design an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in preclinical models.

Field-effect transistors fabricated from carbon nanotubes have been investigated extensively over the past two decades. This study demonstrates a nanotube-based integrated circuit design that substantially improves the speed and power consumption with respect to silicon-based integrated circuits.

Chen, Hu, Zhao, Fang and colleagues show that the ribosomal large subunit protein Rpl12 functions as a conserved ribophagy receptor in multiple organisms.

This study reveals that RNA silencing component Argonaute 2 (AGO2) loads small RNAs at endoplasmic reticulum–chloroplast membrane contact sites with the help of RNA helicase 3 (RH3), which also enhances the loading of viral-derived small RNAs. These findings highlight the connections between RNA silencing, viral replication, and plant antiviral resistance.

Nitrogen monoxide at low concentrations can promote the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules, which are crucial precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), rather than inhibit it as traditionally thought.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

TRAF1 is an intracellular signalling molecule that has diverse biological functions. In this study, the authors show that TRAF1 is expressed in mice soon after they have suffered a stroke and that increased TRAF1 expression increases susceptibility to ischaemia-induced apoptosis and brain injury.

Biomass materials have been used in various industries to achieve a carbon-neutral and sustainable society. Here, the authors describe a heterogeneous corn-based precursor strategy, to self-assemble dual-network filters consisting of alternating fibers with micro- and nano-architectures and produce high performance structural filters.

Bottom-up, seeded epitaxial assembly using twisted DNA origami seeds directs the formation of 2D DNA lattices to create moiré superlattices, enabling a design space for programmable materials that combine molecular precision with mesoscale complexity.

During light-induced stomatal opening, direct interaction between SYP121 and AtEB1 leads to a vesicle trafficking driven by microtubule growth, facilitating the redistribution of the K⁺ channel KAT1 to the plasma membrane.

Liu et al. explore the impact of TPOAb levels on embryologic and pregnancy outcomes in euthyroid PCOS patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. They find no association between TPOAb positivity and adverse reproductive outcomes, suggesting that its clinical relevance may be limited.

The authors find that the dielectric performance of capacitors will be significantly overestimated due to the influences of fringing effect and parasitic capacitance. Methods to solve the problem are proposed to ensure measurement validity.

Suppressing wheat ASPARTIC PROTEASE 1 promotes the homeostasis of PsbO, stabilizes the photosystem complex and elongates the duration of active photosynthesis, leading to increases in the CO₂ assimilation rate, kernel weight and yield.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Unimolecular probes detectable via near-infrared fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and computed tomography allow real-time tracking and quantification of amyloid-β plaques with spatial localization in the living brain of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models and in beagles.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

COVID-19 is a critical public health threat, but molecular characterizations of patients’ immunity is still lacking. Here the authors collected blood from patients with various disease severity, and prefiltered to exclude selected comorbidity, to obtain genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to report a trans-omics landscape.

Suraxavir marboxil, an antiviral drug designed to inhibit the polymerase acidic protein of influenza, alleviates symptoms in individuals with influenza faster than placebo in a phase 3 trial conducted in China.

Seeded growth methods are used to prepare highly ordered, crystalline semiconducting poly(di-n-hexylfluorene) platelet micelles, which exhibit long-range anisotropic exciton diffusion, particularly along the π–π-stacking direction.

A synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive is shown to enable the fabrication of perovskite solar modules achieving record certified performance and long-term operational stability.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a prevalent chronic liver disease, however, drugs to treat this disease are still lacking. Here, the authors show that PPDPF inhibits the development of hepatic steatosis by negatively regulating mTORC1-S6K-SREBP1 signaling, which provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NAFLD treatment.

Digital twins can be used to support planetary operations and analysis. Here, the authors show tri-aspect characterization of lunar far side regolith and investigate the origin of a fin-shaped rock via digital twin of Yutu-2 rover.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

The aetiology of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains unclear. Here, the authors find that the numbers of DUOX2⁺ ACE2 ⁺ small cholangiocytes in human and mouse livers are inversely associated with disease severity, and present data indicating that they may be the target of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) -mediated humoral responses, suggesting that preservation of these cells and targeting anti-pIgR autoantibodies may be valuable strategies for therapeutic interventions in PBC.

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health problem in many regions. Here, the authors perform a proteogenomic analysis of cervical cancer in Chinese patients; they reveal proteomic subgroups associated with clinical and biological features, and a potential biomarker of response to radiotherapy.

The incorporation of electron transport layers based on single-crystalline TiO₂ rhombohedral nanoparticles enables the realization of stable and efficient large-area perovskite solar cell modules.

Single-crystal black phosphorus nanoribbons are grown uniformly on insulating substrates by chemical vapour transport growth with black phosphorus nanoparticles as seeds, demonstrating potential for application in nanoelectronic devices and the exploration of the exotic physics in black phosphorus.