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Membrane ion channels can be responsive to a variety of stimuli such as pressure, temperature, or pH. Here, the authors show that simply shining 365 nm light activates a native potassium channel in rodent pain-sensing neurons, delivering powerful analgesia without drugs or genetic manipulations.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Initiating aripiprazole antipsychotic monotherapy versus olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone might reduce cardiovascular event risk in severe mental illness. Here, the authors show patients initiating aripiprazole had similar 5-year risk as the comparators, but risk was higher in those continuing risperidone versus aripiprazole

This resource highlights the compositional and transcriptional remodelling of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in humans undergoing initial lifestyle-induced weight loss followed by bariatric surgery, with implications for modulating tissue function, systemic metabolism and inflammation.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

In a mouse model, maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to fatty liver disease in the offspring, driven by aberrant developmental programming of Kuppfer cells.

D1 receptor agonists bidirectionally regulate working memory capacity (WMC). Here, the authors show that low doses enhance WMC by activating cAMP/PKA in the striatum, whereas high doses impair it via prefrontal activation of striatal inhibitory neurons.

The performance of membrane desalination of seawater is hampered by fouling. Here the authors develop smart gating hybrid membranes by surface coating with polymer-embedded thermosalient crystals. These membranes enhance pure water flux by over 40% in saltwater desalination by osmotic distillation.

Protein transport across the nuclear membrane is regulated by the nuclear pore complex. Experiments now show that the rates of nuclear transport rely on the presence of locally mechanically soft regions of the transported proteins.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Exercise modulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in murine models. Here the authors report that there is no evidence that 24 weeks of supervised exercise training modulates BAT volume or function in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.

Small-scale farmers in Southeast Asia are increasingly turning to monocultures of oil palm and rubber to maximize income. Clough and colleagues demonstrate that this land-use change in Indonesia comes at a cost to a wide array of ecosystem functions and biodiversity.

SH2 domains are challenging to target using small molecules. Here, the authors develop phosphotyrosine-based covalent ligands of the E3 ligase SOCS2 using structure-based design. A pro-drug approach yields cell active inhibitors that block SOCS2 substrate recruitment.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is often transmitted to infants through breast milk. Here, in a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding full-term mother-infant pairs, the authors identify changes in milk composition, infant growth, and the infant gut microbiome associated with the presence of CMV in milk.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to changes in the immune system and inflammation. Here, the authors studied immune cells from healthy individuals and neurodegenerative diseases and identified sex-specific disease-associated changes.

Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

The successes and failures of past research in the development of microfluidic reactors for chemical synthesis are highlighted. Current roadblocks are assessed and a series of challenges for the future of this area are identified.

Routine eye clinic imaging could help screen patients with cardiovascular risk as studies indicate strong associations between biomarkers in the retina and the heart. This potential is supported by a multimodal study, employing a deep learning model, that can infer cardiac functional indices based on retinal images and demographic data.

Transcriptional and epigenomic profiling of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation shows that adipogenesis is driven by de novo activation of enhancers, whereas osteogenesis involves preestablished enhancers and depends on the activation of pro-osteogenic and antiadipogenic transcription factors.

Merbl and colleagues demonstrate that high expression of the proteasome regulator PSME4 is associated with immune-cold lung tumors and reduced antitumor immune responses, by functioning to modulate the protein degradome and antigen diversity.

Triclosan is an antimicrobial additive in consumer products that has been detected in human breast milk. Here the authors report that exposure of pregnant mice to triclosan leads to lactational exposure to newborns and the development of liver steatosis.

Lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by altered metabolism of heparan sulfate, cause autistic symptoms followed by dementia in children. Here, the authors show that embryonic dopaminergic neurodevelopmental defects due to altered function of heparan sulfate cause autistic behaviours in mice.

Meteorology measurements from NASA’s Perseverance rover on Mars reveal a diversity of processes at work in the atmospheric boundary layer at Jezero crater over a range of temporal scales.

Wu et al. profile the secretome of cardiac endothelial cells exposed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during acute myocardial infarction and identify CRELD2 as an angiogenic growth factor supporting infarct repair.

Anti-integrin therapy inhibits lymphocyte trafficking in ulcerative colitis. Here Mennillo et al. use single-cell and spatial -omics to show modulation of mononuclear phagocytes and other networks, identifying gene sets related to treatment response.

Macrophages are important for host immunity to infections and for clearing waste products from tissues, but they also maintain tissue health by regulating metabolism, neuronal functions and many other biological processes. Here, Elvira Mass and co-workers discuss the different tissue-specific macrophage populations that are found throughout the body, highlighting shared and unique aspects of their developmental trajectories, transcriptional programmes and physiological functions.

Electrical stimulation of cervical spinal circuits facilitates arm and hand movements in two participants with moderate and severe chronic post-stroke hemiparesis.

Using intensive eDNA sampling in space and time across five rivers in Europe and North America, this study shows that eDNA gives relevant information on freshwater diversity and ecology across broad taxonomic groups, and with limited downstream transport. The findings demonstrate that eDNA is vital for freshwater biodiversity monitoring in a time of anthropogenic change.

Obesity among children and adolescents is highly prevalent in both developed and developing countries. This Review discusses data on the early determinants of childhood obesity in order to provide relevant strategies for daily clinical work.

Combined analysis of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN by the CMS and LHCb collaborations leads to the observation of the extremely rare decay of the strange B meson into muons; the result is compatible with the standard model of particle physics, and does not show any signs of new physics, such as supersymmetry.

Developing theory to explore the effects of environmental change on the structure of species interactions within communities, the authors show that enhancing asymmetry in the structure can explain idiosyncratic responses to change. They further confirm these findings on experimental data from microbial species grown together compared with in isolation, subject to different temperature regimes.

Analysis of plastic debris found in surface waters shows that lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized regions, as well as those with elevated deposition areas, are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination.

Spatially selective and temporally controlled stimulation of the spinal cord, together with rehabilitation, results in substantial restoration of locomotor function in humans with spinal cord injury.

Gerber, Russ et al. show that the H3.3 chaperone Daxx, which represses endogenous retroviral and retrotransposable elements, acts as an epigenetic barrier to control haematopoietic progenitor plasticity and protect against PU.1-mediated inflammation.