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The authors identify a dynamic site renewal and decay cycle, mediated by proton transfers involving proximal Brønsted acidic OH groups, which operates concurrently with the Chauvin cycle and could address roadblocks associated with industrial metathesis processes.

Variants of the 3′−5′ exonuclease TREX1 can cause retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL). Here, the authors show that RVCL-associated TREX1 variants trigger DNA damage in humans, mice, and Drosophila, and render cells more vulnerable to DNA damage inducing agents.

Systematic analysis and machine learning coupled with in vitro and in vivo validation link gut microbiome-mediated transformation of dietary phytonutrients to health outcomes.

Recent polarization measurements of the stellar-mass black hole in Cygnus X-1 reveal an extended corona in the inner parts of the accretion flow and open the path for a new era in high-energy astrophysics.

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) offers good control over dispersity, but the requirement of one initiator per chain can be expensive and problematic for purification. Now, a reversible cyclohexenyl-containing chain-transfer agent is described, thus allowing a catalytic living ROMP process to produce narrow dispersity polymers and block copolymers.

Head motion is an artifact in structural and functional MRI signals, and some traits or groups are more strongly correlated with motion than others. Here the authors describe a method to attribute a motion impact score to specific trait-functional connectivity relationships.

Systematic base-editing and computational screens identify specific cysteine residues on VPS35 in the retromer complex as key sensors that decrease mitochondrial translation in response to reactive oxygen species signals.

Restoring mitochondrial function has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy. Here, the authors show that mitochondrial hyperfusion blunts mitophagy during the disease process, and that rescuing this process pharmacologically confers retinal neuroprotection independent of an improved glycaemic status in type-1 diabetic mice.

Genome-wide ancient DNA data from individuals from the Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age documents large-scale movement of people from the European continent between 1300 and 800 bc that was probably responsible for spreading early Celtic languages to Britain.

Using the James Webb Space Telescope's Mid-Infrared Instrument, a study reports evidence for a direct detection of a cold, sub-Jupiter-mass planet in the disk of the star TWA 7. 

Direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet YSES-1 b are reported.

The authors find the human red nucleus is functionally connected with action and motivated behavior networks, instead of motor-effector networks. They argue the red nucleus implements goal-directed behavior, integrating behavioral valence and action plans.

B cell–mediated inhibition of T cell trafficking is impaired in inflammatory disease.

Lenardo and colleagues identify a new human genetic disease, GISELL, whereby ceramide lipid homeostasis is disrupted, thereby altering T cell longevity. Deficiency of GTPase of the immunity-associated protein 5 (GIMAP5) in patients leads to cellular senescence, immunodeficiency and early mortality.

Molecular factors, regulating the expression of specific glycolytic enzymes that favour biosynthetic processes, have remained unknown. Panasyuket al. identify PPARγ as a novel transcription factor turning on pyruvate kinase M2 and hexokinase 2, which are frequently upregulated in pathophysiological growth.

Analysis of the cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B suggests that it is actually a close binary of two less massive brown dwarfs, explaining its low luminosity and settling the conflict between theoretical predictions and measurements.

Combined data from three large studies, with a total sample size of around 50,000 individuals, indicate that many previous studies linking the brain to complex phenotypes have been statistically underpowered, producing inflated and irreproducible effects.

Brain-wide association studies, which aim to link features of the brain to a person’s characteristics, have a replicability problem. Besides increasing sample size, what else can be done to make these studies more reproducible?

α-Graphyne, a carbon-expanded version of graphene, is predicted to exhibit high conductivity due to its Dirac cone electronic structure. Here, Li et al.design and synthesize a series of molecular fragments of α-graphyne, on the basis of which single molecular junctions are realized.

Here the authors deliver aerosolized human monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques and show that the treatment significantly reduces viral RNA and infectious virus in the respiratory tracts, limits lung pathology, and decreases inflammatory cytokines.

Healthy humans mount a protective immune response against Aspergillus fumigatus, an airborne opportunistic fungal pathogen, via interplay between their humoral pattern recognition molecules. Here, Dellière et al., probe the interaction between A. fumigatus and pentraxin 3 and show it restricts pro-inflammatory responses.

Functional MRI studies across ages show that the classic homunculus of the motor cortex in humans is in fact discontinuous, alternating with action control-linked regions termed the somato-cognitive action network.

This study demonstrates the safety and long-term efficacy of a single-dose, injectable contraceptive in female domestic cats. Treated females remained contracepted for over two years, and did not ovulate or produce kittens when paired with males.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has affected the global economy, environment, and political order. Here, the authors show that it also coincided with a temporary decline in psychological well-being across Europe.

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a powerful and highly functional-group-tolerant technique for synthesizing polymers. However, this tolerance presents a great challenge for the selective introduction of functional end-groups. This Review discusses currently available end-functionalization strategies and also highlights factors to be considered when choosing the most appropriate approach.

Integrated analysis of microbiome and host cell transcriptional data on clinically annotated cohorts of patients with melanoma who were treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1, uncovers new associations of streptococcus species with immune-related adverse effects and finds consistent microbiome associations with clinical outcomes.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.