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The NV centre in diamond has been used extensively in quantum information processing; however fault-tolerant readout of its spin remains challenging. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate a robust scheme that achieves high-fidelity readout via spin to charge conversion.

The accumulation of AGEs is closely related to the atherosclerotic calcification in diabetic patients. Here, the authors find that VSMC NF90 knockout attenuates diabetic atherosclerotic calcification by mediating the metabolic imbalance of AGEs.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

Ammonium cations can improve the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells yet might pose an issue to the device stability. Wang et al. show that cations with a high acid dissociation afford improved operational stability at high temperatures owing to their resistance to deprotonation.

DNA strand displacement reactions can be difficult to scale up for computational tasks. Here the authors develop DNA switching circuits that achieve high-speed computing with fewer molecules.

Xenon binding carries potential for xenon separation and emerging applications in magnetic resonance imaging. Here, the authors report a rare example of a tight yet soft capsule, assembled from two chiral bisurea-bisthiourea macrocycle components, that can efficiently and adaptively bind xenon in both the solid state and solution.

Owing to strong Coulomb interactions, atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides host strongly bound excitonic complexes. Here, the authors report charge-neutral biexciton and negatively charged trion-exciton complexes in hBN encapsulated monolayer WSe₂ by employing low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy.

Here, the authors identify >200 host proteins regulating bandavirus replication via an ISG library screen. With SFTSV as the main model, they then uncover a notable antiviral mechanism of CCND3 and the viral antagonism, offering new insights into virus-host interplays.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of three Allium crops (onion, garlic and Welsh onion) and spatial RNA sequencing provide insights into Allium trait evolution and gene expression patterns during onion bulb formation.

Low-temperature ultraclean integration of large-area MoS₂ thin-film transistors with nitride micro-LEDs through a back end of line process enables the demonstration of displays with high resolution and uniformity.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Radiation tolerance is a property determined both by materials structure and defect dynamics. Here authors demonstrate enhancement of radiation tolerance at elevated temperatures in equiatomic single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys and propose an underlying mechanism.

A time-dependent study of the effective temperature of carriers in impurity-free graphene now indicates that a disorder-assisted mechanism is responsible for cooling hot electrons. Observation of this so-called supercollision contradicts the idea that electron–phonon interactions dominate cooling.

Understanding the local microenvironment is crucial yet challenging for catalyst design. Here, the authors demonstrate that the nanoconfined environment of carbon nanotubes enriches CO and induces structural deformation in cobalt phthalocyanine, thereby promoting CO₂ electroreduction to methanol.

Rice-infecting arboviruses adopt convergent strategies to overcome host defenses. Here, the authors show that viral proteins from distinct rice viruses boost OsTSN1 nuclease activity to suppress rice antiviral RNA decay immune response through promoting its phase separation and multimerization.

An in situ phase-separation method at microscale level creates stretchable superelastic porous nanocomposite conductors, reduces conductive filler usage and enables strain-resilient wireless wearable and implantable bioelectronics.

Wide-bandgap perovskites are critical to tandem solar cells for maximized solar energy capture and efficiency, but their stability remains a major issue. Here, by introducing reductive cations, the authors realize scalable fabrication of large-area solar cells in ambient conditions with good performance.

Using single-cell and spatial molecular profiling of infarcted mouse and human hearts, Li, Ni, Wang and colleagues identify a subset of cardiac fibroblasts expressing CD248 that plays a critical role in fibroblast–T cell interaction, and show that disrupting this interaction with monoclonal antibodies or anti-CD248 chimeric antigen receptor T cells results in reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved function.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

A cultural assembly of traits at a 40,000-year-old archaeological site at Xiamabei, China supports a model of repeated early human expansions, cultural exchange and innovation in east Asia.

Perovskite solar cells often rely on ordered molecular contacts for favourable charge-carrier transport, and any organizational disruption reduces device efficiency. Now a contact featuring an orthogonal π-skeleton has been shown to afford a high resilience to external stimuli plus long-term durability in accelerated-ageing tests.

The non-classical oriented attachment crystallization pathway explains the growth of many nanocrystals. Here, the authors study citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles by in-situ liquid transmission electron microscopy to reveal that surface ligands are a critical driving force in the oriented attachment process.

Catalytic atroposelective construction of axially chiral aryl-fused medium-sized rings, such as nine-membered rings is challenging. Here the authors describe a catalytic asymmetric (4 + 5) cycloaddition to achieve the challenging transformations.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Developed on cytology images of hydrothorax and ascites from 57,220 cases at four hospitals, a deep-learning model shows high accuracy in tumor origin prediction and presents prognostic value when patient treatment is consistent with the cancer origin predicted by the model.

The electrical contact of two-dimensional transistors is pushed close to the quantum limit by hybridization of the energy bands with antimony; the contacts have low contact resistance and excellent stability.

The role of the tumor microenvironment in immunotherapy response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Here, single cell RNA and TCR sequencing of samples before and after immunotherapy highlights the role of CD8 T-cell status conversion and exhaustion induced by Macro CD5L+ in treatment response.

Multicomponent catalytic reactions that generate enantioenriched boronic esters are underdeveloped. Now an N-heterocyclic carbene–nickel catalyst promotes enantioselective alkene 1,2-carboboration to access multifunctional alkylboronates, bearing a tertiary or quaternary β-stereocentre.

The authors conducted a comprehensive exome-wide association analysis on eight sleep-related traits. The researchers identified 22 new genes associated with various aspects of sleep, such as chronotype, daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, snoring and sleep apnoea, highlighting the importance of large-scale genomic studies in unravelling the genetic basis of sleep-related traits.

Enantioselective C–C cross-coupling of unactivated alkenes is challenging. Now, nickel catalysts bearing bulky C₂-symmetric chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligands enable directing group-free asymmetric cross-coupling of unactivated alkenes with aryl or alkenyl triflates and nucleophiles, generating C sp³ stereocentres.

Huang et al. investigated the effects of long-term statins administration in a mouse model for diabetes and found that it can worsen insulin resistance, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Statins increased renal lipid uptake and inhibited fatty acid oxidation, contributing to diabetic nephropathy.