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High-harmonic generation from metasurfaces is believed to follow conventional power laws with integer exponents. In this work, authors discover that the strong local fields related to a metasurface high-Q resonances can modify the effective nonlinear response and enable the generation of high harmonics following non-integer-power laws.

The authors show that immunosuppression is highly conserved in the bacterial order Xanthomonadales. This feature, which preceded their specialization as host-adapted pathogens, probably contributes to their prominence as core members of the plant microbiota.

The study shows that autophagy in fat cells protects against obesity-induced fibrosis. Autophagy limits the release of purines, a metabolic product, that signals to immune cells to initiate the fibrosis. Purines might be a potential target for reducing tissue fibrosis.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Borsa et al. show that asymmetric T cell division after activation requires autophagy to promote mitochondrial turnover, with T cells inheriting older mitochondria showing decreased degradation, reduced memory potential and altered metabolism.

Although producing 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an attractive way to synthesize renewable fuels, achieving high yields for this reaction has proved difficult. PtCo bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts embedded in hollow carbon nanospheres now show improved catalytic performance for the hydrogenolysis of HMF to DMF (98% yield after 2 hours).

Recombinations govern losses in solar cells. Here, Richteret al. use transient spectroscopy to evaluate how re-absorption and re-emission of photons in perovskite absorbers affect intrinsic recombination coefficients, and to differentiate between external and internal photoluminescence quantum yields.

Control of chiral light is essential in numerous fields from biosensing to quantum optics. Here, authors demonstrate a universal method to tune chiral response with metasurfaces using the interplay of resonator and lattice symmetries, enabling flexible design platform for advanced applications.

Here, the authors characterize the spectroscopic and transport properties of heterojunctions composed of quasi-metallic and semiconducting graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with different widths, showing a predominant quantum tunnelling mechanism. The GNR heterojunctions can also be used to realize adsorbate sensors with high sensitivity.

Bacterial-fungal interactions can stimulate the production of specialised microbial metabolites. Here, Richter et al. use co-culture experimental evolution to show that the presence of a fungus selects for increased surfactin production in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, which inhibits fungal growth and facilitates the competitive success of the bacterium.

Carrier-carrier scattering rates determine the fundamental limits of carrier transport and electronic coherence. Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with sub-10 fs resolution, Richter and Branchi et al. extract carrier thermalization times of 10 to 85 fs in hybrid perovskites.

A group of early-career researchers have harnessed cross-institutional journal clubs to assess and review immunology preprints.

Lithium metal is considered the next-generation material for electrodes in solid-state batteries. But is all lithium metal equal? Here, the authors analyze the influence of lithium purity and show how different lithium metal samples can be, especially when electrodeposited in “anode-free” cells.

A preprint by Martins, Blankehaus et al. highlights an important role for monocyte-derived macrophages in iron homeostasis and its control of systemic energy metabolism.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Computational analyses integrating whole-genome sequencing, cardiac epigenomic data and RNA-binding-protein data identify a role for noncoding de novo mutations in congenital heart disease.

Experiments performed in the CERN CLOUD chamber show that, under upper-tropospheric conditions, new atmospheric particle formation may be initiated by the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene emitted by rainforests.

Dewald et al. show a high Spike-IgG seroprevalence (95%) in a multicenter study with 1,411 participants. They determined a substantially reduced serum neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 VOCs BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1. and explored predictive factors of neutralizing activity.

Salmonella typhimurium translocates numerous effectors via its type III secretion system. Here, Göser et al. present a characterisation of selected proteins and their dynamic interaction with Salmonella-containing vacuoles and – induced filaments.

The interaction of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) results in recruitment of proteinacious adapter molecules to the cell membrane. Here Hering and colleagues show that sphinganine recruits adaptor protein MyD88 to TLR4 in the macrophage membrane and the absence of sphinganine in murine models disrupts TLR4 driven inflammation.

Lithium metal penetration into solid-state electrolytes is a major drawback for developing all-solid-state batteries. Here, authors, via operando force microscopy, demonstrate that the trapping of electrons in garnet-type solid-state electrolyte grain boundaries is the origin of cell failure.

Solid electrolytes may enable a step-change in battery performance, but their brittleness often complicates their use. Now, a new inorganic electrolyte has been developed: it is a glassy material that offers viscoelasticity as well as good ionic conductivity.

Lentiviral massively parallel reporter assay (lentiMPRA) analysis of cardiac cis-regulatory elements characterizes the effects of noncoding de novo variants identified in congenital heart disease. EpiCard is a model for variant prioritization.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of individuals with primary immunodeficiency identifies new candidate disease-associated genes and shows how the interplay between genetic variants can explain the variable penetrance and complexity of the disease.

Sinonasal tumour diagnosis can be complicated by the heterogeneity of disease and classification systems. Here, the authors use machine learning to classify sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas into 4 molecular classe with differences in differentiation state and clinical outcome.

Proteomics can be used to refine cancer classification. Here, the authors characterise chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients by proteogenomics, and identified a subtype of patients with poor prognosis associated with aberrant B cell receptor signalling.

A preprint by Sugiura et al. looks at the role of one-carbon metabolism during T cell activation, with a focus on autoimmune disease, and identifies differences between T cell subsets.

A preprint by Sanin et al. establishes a transcriptional framework to define common macrophage activation states across tissues and biological conditions.

HER2 acts an oncogenic driver in numerous cancers. Here, the authors design an anti-HER2 biparatopic and tetravalent IgG fusion with inhibitory effects in a xenograft model.

This Review discusses current research strategies to overcome resistance to CAR-T cell therapy in blood cancers, including optimization of CAR design, improvement of T cell function and persistence, modulation of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and synergistic combination strategies.

A chemical screen identified BET bromodomain inhibitors as promoters of keratinocyte regenerative function and skin wound healing. Specifically, low-dose transient treatment with BET inhibitors imposes an activated, migratory state in keratinocytes.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important immune cells for maintaining the gut homeostasis. Here the authors show that c-FLIP, an anti-apoptotic molecule, is important for the development of NKP46⁺ ILC1, including conventional natural killer (cNK) cells, and ILC3, with cNK being more critical for ameliorating intestinal inflammation.

Experiments show that when driven by electric currents, magnetic skyrmions experience transverse motion due to their topological charge — similar to the conventional Hall effect experienced by charged particles in a perpendicular magnetic field.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons can be precisely manipulated to yield ever more complex and discrete graphene analogs, such as nanographenes. Here, the authors use azomethine ylide homocoupling to insert an antiaromatic pyrazine ring into the core of a nanographene, and characterize the molecule’s unique electronic character.

In this Expert Recommendation, Lauder and colleagues compare the latest European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension guidelines on hypertension, highlight the key consensus recommendations and compare differing approaches to definitions, classification, diagnosis and treatment, with the aim to help health-care professionals in their decision-making to improve the management of hypertension.

Anharmonic ultrafast structural dynamics are expected in lead halide perovskites due to their soft nature. Here Rivett et al. show that these dynamics lead to picosecond-long polarization anisotropy of photo-carriers in several halide perovskites, orders of magnitude slower than in conventional semiconductors.

Considering the interdependence of performance measures and the lack of a basic reference system for all-solid-state batteries, Jürgen Janek and co-workers analyse literature performance data for major types of all-solid-state batteries and benchmark them against minimalistic reference cells.

The origin and evolution of snakes remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show that fossils previously described as anguimorph lizards are ancient snakes and demonstrate that they share features with snakes and lizards, which suggests great diversity of snakes by the Jurassic period.