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A large empirical assessment of sequence-resolved structural variants from 14,891 genomes across diverse global populations in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) provides a reference map for disease-association studies, population genetics, and diagnostic screening.

An approach based on the average trajectory of moving particles allows for the quantification of the mechanics of living systems, namely, the non-equilibrium energy and viscoelastic properties of cells, in a non-invasive manner.

Analysis of 20 chemical and morphological plant traits at diverse sites across 6 continents shows that the transition from semi-arid to arid zones is associated with an unexpected 88% increase in trait diversity.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

The cell-wall peptidoglycan in model bacteria typically includes 4,3- and 3,3-crosslinks, catalysed by DD- and LD-transpeptidases, respectively. Here, the authors identify and characterise the activity and structure of an LD-transpeptidase that generates a new type of crosslink (1,3).

In an analysis of five large randomized clinical trials testing established therapies for cardiovascular disease, individuals with clonal hematopoiesis had an increased risk for first but not recurrent myocardial infarction as compared to individuals without clonal hematopoiesis, and did not show increased benefit from any of the therapies tested.

There remains a critical need for precise control of CRISPR-based technologies. Here, the authors develop a focused ultrasound (FUS)-controllable CRISPR toolbox, allowing the noninvasive and spatiotemporal control of genomic/epigenomic reprogramming for cancer treatment combined with CAR-T therapy.

Circadian clocks are a fundamental biological system which orchestrate various physiological and behavioral processes in response to daily environmental changes. Here, the authors utilize a multipronged approach to generate a comprehensive neural connectome of an animal circadian clock.

Ziegler, Hauser et al. report brain-wide, myelin-related microstructural growth from adolescence to adulthood and show that this longitudinal growth is reduced in the presence of compulsivity and impulsivity traits.

Intrinsic molecular resources are used to implement a two-qubit iSWAP gate using individually trapped X¹Σ⁺ NaCs molecules.

In the dipolar XY model, quench dynamics from a polarized initial state lead to spin squeezing that improves with increasing system size, and two refinements show further enhanced squeezing and extended lifetime of the squeezed state by freezing its dynamics.

In an open-label, randomized controlled trial, normothermic machine perfusion of kidneys from donation after circulatory death was found to be feasible and safe but did not reduce the rate of delayed graft function compared to static cold storage.

Climate affects dynamics of infectious diseases, but the impact on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology isn’t well understood. Here, Baker et al. model the influence of temperature, humidity and rainfall on RSV epidemiology in the USA and Mexico and predict impact of climate change on RSV dynamics.

Children often show milder COVID-19 symptoms, but the underlying mechanistic insights are still lacking. Here the authors profile both pediatric and adult cohorts of COVID-19 patients in Brazil to find that children exhibit higher viral load but stronger and biased cellular immunity, thereby serving clues for the differential responses in children.

Vertebral column length and shape exhibits remarkable robustness within a species but diversity across species. Here the authors reveal the molecular logic constraining vertebral number in mouse and a novel role for posterior Hox genes in this context.

Liu et al. demonstrate that human-driven soil contamination in natural areas mirrors that in nearby urban greenspaces globally, and highlight the potential influence that soil contaminants have on ecosystem functions.

The Lascar volcano’s crater floor was lifted due to lava extrusion, followed by a funnel-shaped structure that cooled and solidified due to magma withdrawal, providing constraints on the geometry of underlying volcanic conduit, according to photogrammetry and analogue experiments in 3D-printed mold.

This isoform-centric microglia genomic atlas includes 35,879 novel human microglia isoforms identified by long-read RNA sequencing. A multi-ancestry quantitative trait locus meta-analysis of known and novel isoforms in 555 samples from 391 donors finds associations with genetic risk loci in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Following a wide-ranging review of studies, reports and policies about nature’s multiple values, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation of nature, address barriers to uptake in decision-making, and make transformative changes towards more just and sustainable futures.

In this Review, the authors outline the genetic causes and pathophysiology of monogenic syndromes associated with hypertension and discuss how common and rare variants contribute to hypertension at the population level.

In global drylands, soils tend to be more fertile beneath tree, shrub and grass islands. Soil fertility was greater beneath taller and wider plants but was unaffected by either grazing pressure or the type of herbivore.

Understanding patterns in woody plant trait relationships and trade-offs is challenging. Here, by applying machine learning and data imputation methods to a global database of georeferenced trait measurements, the authors unravel key relationships in tree functional traits at the global scale.

RELMβ mediates a gut immune–epithelial circuit regulating tolerance to food antigens, offering targetable candidates for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.

A projection of ocean surface isotherm deepening under emissions scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 reveals that the potential habitat of many marine organisms will rapidly become tightly compressed between depth levels imposed by isotherm deepening, the thickness of the photic layer and the seafloor.

A conserved gene regulatory network involving SOX4, SOX11 and TFAP2D shapes the development of excitatory neurons in ventrolateral pallium and their connectivity with the prefrontal cortex.

Video microscopy is key in studying cell migration, but accomplishing this in a high-throughput manner is still challenging. Here, the authors present an array microscope that can track the movements of thousands of individual cells simultaneously, and that can be used for drug screening studies.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

Cost-effective biodiversity monitoring through time is important for evidence-based conservation. Here, the authors show that automated bioacoustics monitoring can be used to track tropical forest recovery from agricultural abandonment, suggesting its use to assess restoration outcomes.

Mowgli is a novel paired single-cell multi-omics integration method leveraging matrix factorization and Optimal Transport. In-depth benchmarking demonstrates promising cell clustering results and improved biological interpretability.

A fundamental challenge for molecular electronics is the change in photophysical properties of molecules upon direct electrical contact. Here, the authors observe hot luminescence emitted by single-molecule chromophores that are electrically and mechanically self-decoupled by a tripodal scaffold.

Longitudinal multi-omics reveals shifts to the human microbiome across multiple body sites and the associated immune responses during short-term spaceflight.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Ji et al. identify an idiopathic generalised epilepsy network that links heterogeneously distributed brain abnormalities to a common brain network and deep brain stimulation sites which reduce generalised seizures.

Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is a severe disease, characterized by interstitial fibrosis in the left ventricle of the heart. Here authors show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 plays a pathogenic role in heart fibrosis via regulating a distinct monocyte population that initiates the process.

B cell germinal centres achieve a balance between clonal expansion and sequence diversification by suppressing somatic hypermutation during proliferative clonal bursts.

Transcriptomic analyses of acute phase whole blood from a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 identify molecular determinants of post-infection long-term sequelae.

Live-cell recordings have been an important tool for studying circadian rhythms. Here the authors use CRISPR gene editing mediated knock-in to fluorescently tag Per2 and Cry1, and study cellular circadian dynamics of these two clock proteins.

Vaccination with multiple doses has been proven effective against severe COVID-19, but protection levels widely vary among individuals. This study examines the serological and immunological profiles in recipients of multiple doses of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine for immune markers that correlate with protection against and susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hong Kong experienced a large wave of COVID-19 in early 2022 driven by Omicron BA.2. Here, the authors describe the epidemiological dynamics of this wave and show discordant inferences based on genomic and epidemiological data that underscore the need to improve near real-time epidemic growth estimates.

BreakTag is a scalable next-generation sequencing-based method for the unbiased characterization of programmable nucleases and guide RNAs that allows off-target and nuclease activity assessment, as well as the characterization of scission profiles.

Immunopeptidomics is crucial for the discovery of potential immunotherapy and vaccine candidates. Here, the authors generate a ground truth timsTOF dataset to fine-tune the deep learning model Prosit, improving peptide-spectrum match rescoring by up to 3-fold during immunopeptide identification.

A small-molecule (646 Da) hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst accelerates the S_N2 step of an enantioselective Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction by recapitulating the geometric preorganization principle used by enzymes.

Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic modifiers, mostly DNA repair genes, that significantly influence the onset and progression of Huntington disease, pointing to somatic CAG repeat expansions as a key pathological driver. Here, Tabrizi and colleagues review the evidence for this paradigm and discuss the potential for therapeutic interventions.

JWST observations of a massive galaxy at a redshift of 2.45 show a powerful outflow of neutral gas, with a mass outflow rate that is sufficient to shut down star formation.