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In this study, the authors present that patterned low-intensity ultrasound mimicking brainwave rhythms revitalizes spinal astrocytes to normalize pain signaling, reversing inflammation and providing long-lasting relief from neuropathic pain in mice.

Magnetic toroidal invariance generates transverse electromagnetic effects in materials with broken symmetries. Now a distinct magnetic response is shown to emerge in ferro-rotational systems in which both inversion and time-reversal symmetries are preserved.

Antiferromagnetic materials allow deterministic spin–orbit torque switching of perpendicular magnetization in ferromagnetic layers without external magnetic fields.

The controlled oxidation of magnetic layers in a multilayer structure enables the spin–orbit torques to be engineered.

As Nature Chemical Biology approaches its third decade we asked a collection of chemical biologists, “What do you think are the most exciting frontiers or the most needed developments in your main field of research?” — here is what they said.

A highly mobile adeno-associated virus with high tropism for pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells prevents and reverses the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice and rats.

Orbital accumulation, induced by the orbital Edelstein effect or orbital Hall effect, offers the potential to manipulate magnetization, and crucially, they can be large even in light elements. Here, Gao et al. demonstrate the Onsager reciprocity of orbital transport.

The orbital Hall effect has recently been shown to produce orbital torques, allowing for the efficient driving of magnetization by light metals such as titanium. Here, Taniguchi et al show that orbital currents can also be generated by surface acoustic waves, showing this in a titanium/nickel bilayer.

Authors develop a quantitative super-resolution proximity labeling technique utilizing stable isotope-coded probes (ICAX). ICAX characterizes the dynamics of the proteome within the mitochondrial intracristal space.

The authors examine the role of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in learning complex timing behavior. MEC inactivation disrupts task learning, and MEC time cells display context-dependent dynamics that evolve over learning and predict timing behavior.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has abundant mitochondria with the unique capability of generating heat via uncoupled respiration. Here, Park et al. identify LETMD1 as a mitochondrial matrix protein enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and reveal a crucial role for it in maintaining brown adipocyte mitochondrial OXPHOS and thermogenesis upon cold stimulus.

Longitudinal spin pumping is experimentally demonstrated using the magnetic phase transition of iron–rhodium, and the observed inverse spin Hall signal indicates that longitudinal spin pumping is driven by quantum fluctuations.

The orbital Hall effect involves the transport of orbital angular momentum perpendicular to an applied charge current, analogous to the spin Hall effect. Here, Lee et al examine magnetic torques present in a Nickel/Tantalum bilayer, clearly demonstrating the contribution of the orbital Hall effect.

Pretreating rats with amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes can decrease brain injury and enhance recovery of behavioural functions after a stroke.

Despite the complexity and diversity of nature, universality exists in the form of critical scaling laws for dissimilar systems such as stock markets, lung inflation and earthquakes. This universality seems to depend only on the symmetry and dimension of the system. Kab-Jin Kim and co-authors demonstrate that in ferromagnetic nanowires, the magnetic domain wall dynamics are universal even when the system changes from two dimensional to one.

Mutations and post-translational modifications of the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor PTEN are a feature of many cancers, but these have not been associated with cervical cancer. Here, the authors identify a PI3K/AKT-mediated ubiquitination degradation pathway of PTEN that occurs in patients with cervical cancer.

SpoT has a key role in the bacterial starvation response. Now the metazoan ortholog of SpoT, Mesh1, has been identified, and the structure reveals a conserved active site that can catalyze ppGpp hydrolysis. The Drosophila Mesh1 deletion mutant has impaired starvation resistance, and microarray analysis gives further insight into the starvation response.

Spin-transfer torque allows the magnetization of nanopillar devices to be switched electrically. Incorporating asymmetries into the design of such a device generates a linear out-of-plane torque component that could help prevent the unwanted spontaneous reversal of the nanopillar’s magnetization.

In some magnetic materials, it is possible to magnetize or demagnetize the system on extremely short timescales. The angular momentum carried by the magnetic state must be generated or dissipated. Here, Kang et al find a significant correlation between spin current and the magnetization dynamics in the ultrafast magnetization processes, implying angular momentum transfer from electrons to magnons.

It is known that torques can be exerted on spins in a ferromagnet (FM) layer when an in-plane electric current is injected into a heavy metal (HM) layer in contact with the FM layer. Here, the authors demonstrate that torques can be generated without the current injection by shining instead circularly polarized light on the HM.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) binds to and degrades low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, leading to an increase of LDL cholesterol in blood. Here the authors show that PCSK9 itself directly induces inflammation and aggravates atherosclerosis independently of the LDL receptor.

Mitochondrial oxidation-induced cell death is an important physiological process activated by cancer therapeutics, but its investigation is challenging. Here, the authors report a multifunctional iridium(III) photosensitiser, Ir-OA, able to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress and monitor the corresponding changes in mitochondrial properties.

Proteomics at the organelle contact site remains challenging due to the spatial and temporal dynamics of proteins. Here, the authors developed OrthoID, a mutually orthogonal dual enzymatic proteomics approach to explore the proteome at the contact site of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.

Skull bone marrow expands during adult life, exhibits lifelong vascular growth and increases its haematopoietic potential during ageing.

The development of a transgenic mouse line that expresses mitochondrial matrix-targeted APEX2 combined with proteome analysis identified RTN4IP1, which serves as an NAD(P)H oxidoreductase required for respiration and CoQ biosynthesis.

The protein thioredoxin regulates the activity of many signalling molecules. Here, Hwang et al.report structural and biochemical evidence that the interaction between thioredoxin and its inhibitor thioredoxin-interacting protein is regulated by a redox-dependent disulphide bond-switching mechanism.

A microchannel made from InSb, which has current–voltage characteristics that are strongly dependent on the sign and magnitude of an applied magnetic field, is used to demonstrate that circuits made from such structures can be programmed — and reprogrammed — to perform elementary logic functions, such as AND, OR, NAND and NOR.

The origins of the spin Hall effect are difficult to probe, largely because experiments typically characterize electrons near the Fermi surface. Quantum tunnelling spectroscopy now provides access to its energy dependence.

NF-κB activation contributes to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Here the authors show that NF-κB subunit, p65 stabilizes ITF2, which then suppresses NF-κB downstream genes and inhibits CAC progression.

More effective strategies are needed to prevent prostate cancer metastasis. Here they report CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with E/D-rich carboxy-terminal domain-2 (CITED2) to interact with nucleolin, p300, and PRMT5 subunits, and reveal a role of CITED2-nucleolin axis in prostate cancer metastasis.

We establish a spin nematic phase in the square-lattice iridate Sr₂IrO₄ and find a complete breakdown of coherent magnon excitations at short-wavelength scales, suggesting a many-body quantum entanglement in the antiferromagnetic state.

Photoconvertible proteins occupy two color channels thereby limiting multicolour localisation microscopy applications. Here the authors present UnaG, a new green-to-dark photoswitching fluorescent protein for super-resolution imaging, whose activation is based on a noncovalent binding with bilirubin.

The orbital Hall effect is observed in the light metal titanium, confirming the orbital Hall effect and indicating that orbital angular momentum is an important degree of freedom in solids.

Electrons in a chiral topological material exhibit a unique orbital angular momentum profile in momentum space that resembles magnetic monopoles. It gives an opportunity to utilize the orbital motion of electrons for information processing — so-called orbitronics.

Analysis of the magnetic domain-wall motion in a nanostructured magnetic system with strong spin–orbit coupling shows that the energy dissipation can be chiral when the inversion symmetry is broken.

Electrons in solids carry orbital angular momentum in diverse non-equilibrium situations. This orbital current is often overlooked when considering electronic transport. Here we discuss how recent studies of orbital current are enabling more opportunities for technological advancements rooted in angular momentum.