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The authors study Sr₂RuO₄ under shear strain, finding that shear strain has little to no coupling to superconductivity. These results suggest a one-component superconducting order parameter in Sr₂RuO₄.

The discovery of a vast reservoir of primordial neutral hydrogen gas surrounding a young galaxy cluster just one billion years after the Big Bang offers new insight into how the first large cosmic structures assembled.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Long distance interfaces between superconducting quantum information processing nodes would require coherent, efficient and low-noise microwave-to-optical conversion. Here, the authors use Yb ion ensembles in yttrium orthovanadate to demonstrate a transducer with the potential to fulfill these requirements.

Solid-state emitters enable broadband quantum information storage, but they are affected by decoherence resulting from inhomogeneous broadening. Here the authors suppress this effect via cavity protection at the single photon level in an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a nanophotonic resonator.

This study examines karyotypic selection and evolution in vitro using immortalized mammary and kidney epithelial cell lines, observing aneuploidy patterns specific to each origin tissue that are correlated with frequencies in patient tumors and independent of drivers such as TP53 mutation.

Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct microglial mechanisms driving amyloid-β clearance in both passively and actively immunized patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Changes in AMPAR localization can control the strength of synaptic transmission. Here, the authors show that the interactions of TARP γ8 and the AMPAR N-terminal domain work together to regulate receptor accumulation and positioning at the post-synapse of mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Peter Donnelly and colleagues report fine mapping of 14 susceptibility loci in 8,000 cases and controls for type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and Graves' disease. They apply a new Bayesian method for analysis of fine-mapping data sets, using this to define sets of SNPs likely to contain causal disease-associated variants.

Ribosomal DNA transcription is essential for cell growth and division. Here, the authors show that EMT is accompanied by Snail binding to rDNA operons and Rictor association with nucleoli to fuel an induction of ribosome biogenesis during G1/S cell cycle arrest and inhibition of ribosome biogenesis hampers EMT, differentiates primary tumors and reduces metastasis.

AMPA receptors associated with TARP subunits enable the development of selective AMPA receptor drugs. Here, the authors provide cryo-EM structures of receptors bound to three TARP-γ8 selective drugs, and reveal bifunctionality of one ligand.

Mapping fixed brain samples with extracellular labeling and optical microscopy reveals synaptic connections.

Interfacing superconducting quantum information processors with long-distance optical networks would require coherent interfacing between microwave and optical photons. Here, the authors show a chip-integrated microwave-to-optical transducer based on rare earth ion ensembles.

Analyses of AMPA receptor–auxiliary subunit complexes provide insights into the gating and modulation of the AMPA receptor by TARP-γ8 and CNIH2.

A combination of gentle stimulated emission depletion microscopy imaging and deep-learning-based improvements in signal-to-noise ratio enables high-resolution reconstruction of neuronal architecture in living tissue.

A conserved network of bacteria and fungi underpins cadaver decomposition despite selection effects of location, climate and season.

AMPA glutamate receptors, mediate the majority of excitatory signaling in the brain. Here the authors show how the auxiliary subunit TARP-γ8 shapes gating kinetics, ion conductance and rectification properties of the heteromeric GluA1/2 AMPA receptor.

An analysis of 780 breast cancer genomes shows that focal amplifications are frequently preceded by dicentric chromosome formation from inter-chromosomal translocations associated with oestrogen receptor binding, which leads to chromosome bridge formation and breakage, initiating the amplification process.

A genome-wide association study of critically ill patients with COVID-19 identifies genetic signals that relate to important host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage that may be targeted by repurposing drug treatments.

Under strong excitation, inhomogeneously broadened solid-state emitters coupled with high cooperativity to a cavity demonstrate collectively induced transparency and dissipative many-body dynamics, resulting from cavity–ion coupling.

In this DREAM challenge, 75 methods for the identification of disease-relevant modules from molecular networks are compared and validated with GWAS data. The authors provide practical guidelines for users and establish benchmarks for network analysis.

Single ytterbium ion qubits in nanophotonic cavities have long coherence times and can be optically read out in a single shot, establishing them as excellent candidates for optical quantum networks.

Via spin-exchange interactions with ⁵¹V⁵⁺ ions, an optically addressed ¹⁷¹Yb³⁺ qubit in a nuclear-spin-rich yttrium orthovanadate crystal is used to implement a reproducible nuclear-spin-based quantum memory, and entangled Yb–V Bell states are demonstrated.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Biological organic-inorganic materials, such as self-assembling metal-reinforced mussel holdfast threads, remain a popular source of inspiration for materials design and engineering. Here the authors show that metal-coordinate polymer networks can be utilized as simple composite scaffolds for direct in situ crosslink mineralization.

1000 Genomes imputation can increase the power of genome-wide association studies to detect genetic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Here, the authors develop a method to integrate and analyse low-coverage sequence data and SNP array data, and show that it improves imputation performance.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

The authors present a CRISPR-library-based approach for highly efficient and precise genome-wide variant engineering. They examine the functional consequences of premature termination codons within all annotated essential genes in yeast.

Interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein 3 is shown to be an innate defence mechanism against viral infection in vivo; furthermore, a subset of the patients hospitalized during the H1N1 2009 pandemic carried a variant form of the IFITM3 gene.

To design new multiprotein systems, the authors describe how to combine natural metal-coordinating motifs and hydroxamic acid groups to direct metal-mediated assembly of polyhedral protein architectures and 3D crystalline protein frameworks.

In prostate cancer, the oncogenicity of transcription factor ERG is mediated, in part, by competition with another member of the ETS family, ERF.

In an inter-laboratory study, the authors compare the accuracy and performance of three optical density calibration protocols (colloidal silica, serial dilution of silica microspheres, and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay). They demonstrate that serial dilution of silica microspheres is the best of these tested protocols, allowing precise and robust calibration that is easily assessed for quality control and can also evaluate the effective linear range of an instrument.