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Most H₂ used in the chemical industry is derived from fossil fuels. Now it has been shown that coupling native microbial H₂ pathways with engineered alkene biosynthesis and membrane-bound Pd catalysis enables biocompatible hydrogenation of metabolic intermediates in living bacteria. This hybrid chemo-microbial platform supports the carbon-negative synthesis of industrial chemicals from waste-derived feedstocks.

At planets that possess strong dipole magnetic fields, charged particles can be squeezed along magnetic fields helping to deflect the solar wind flow about the planet. Here, the authors show this effect occurring in the ionosphere of Mars, a planet without a strong dipole magnetic field.

The authors investigated metabolic remodeling in response to stem cell activation and the effect of aging on this response. Aging muscle stem cells lose a key glutamine-fueled metabolic pathway that powers de novo lipogenesis needed for activation. This study shows that reductive TCA cycling helps preserve stem cell function and may offer a new target against sarcopenia.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Accurate characterization of emerging quantum sensors requires an imaging technique that does not depend on defect-specific optical readout. Here, using a NV center in diamond, the authors detect and map boron vacancy defects in hBN via spin cross-relaxation, enabling quantitative nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy without detecting hBN emission.

The experimental observation of a fundamentally new type of anomalous Hall effect that couples both in-plane and out-of-plane orbital magnetizations in multilayer rhombohedral graphene is reported.

Models of turbulent flows are often simulated in the laboratory, in sampling areas with dimensions <1 m. Here, the authors exploit a natural snowstorm to quantify turbulent flows, exploring the complex dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer around a 2.5-MW utility-scale wind turbine.

The authors present a method for fast, event-based 3D imaging of mixed reflectance surfaces with high accuracy. The presented system achieves motion-robust (14 Hz) reconstructions of mixed reflectance scenes with  < 600 μm depth error and 250 Hz 3D measurement of diffuse scenes.

The buffer pool designed to compensate for unintended carbon losses from the largest forest climate mitigation programme in the United States is too small when considering the impact of future climate change scenarios.

Compound-mediated targeted protein degradation through the recruitment of Ub ligases is an emerging field. Here, the authors determine key structural and biochemical principles for harnessing SCF-FBXO22, allowing for the discovery of improved degraders for the neosubstrate and oncogenic target NSD2.

Exfoliated flakes of van der Waals materials embedded in tailored electromagnetic environments can form intrinsic optical self-cavities, but the influence of this effect on their nonlinear optoelectronic properties at THz frequencies remains unexplored. Here, the authors report self-cavity-induced Purcell enhancement of directional edge photocurrents in WTe₂.

Coherent ferrons (or polarization waves) driven by an ultrafast laser source in ferroelectric van der Waals materials generate narrow-band terahertz radiation and propagate uniaxially with long coherence times.

In the hippocampus, complex processing of sensory stimuli occurs even in the unconscious state.

Tailoring relativistic laser–plasma interactions on femtosecond timescales unlocks a direct route to extreme field generation using a coherent harmonic focus.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Different approaches to achieving Target 3 affect distinct and socially diverse populations. These contrasting socioeconomic contexts imply varying challenges and opportunities, underscoring the importance of context-specific, equitable implementation.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Fanjiang Kong, Zhixi Tian, Xingliang Hou, Baohui Liu and colleagues report the cloning and functional characterization of J, the locus underlying the long-juvenile (LJ) trait that has enabled tropical cultivation of soybean. They show that J, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3, downregulates the expression of E1, thereby promoting flowering under short-day conditions.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Improvements in the Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer, a large language model designed for diagnostic dialogue, enable the model to request, interpret and reason about multimodal medical data.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

Human impacts on marine ecosystems are increasing the likelihood of pathogenic outbreaks, harmful algal blooms and coral stress. Here the authors develop a CRISPR biomonitoring tool that can help detect key marine species that are important to public health, the aquaculture sector and marine ecosystems.

Here, the authors elucidate TMPRSS2 protease recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S₂′ cleavage site, revealing the molecular basis of activation of membrane fusion, and show that antibodies recognizing the S₂′ site or TMPRSS2 block viral entry by interfering with TMPRSS2 access.

Higher-order interactions are shown to contribute to the decrease in species diversity from low to high latitudes in global forests, potentially explaining why this intricate phenomenon cannot be adequately explained by pairwise interactions alone.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Solid neon can serve as a host for electron qubits that is resilient against charge and thermal noise, and exhibits a charge noise that is comparable to that of common semiconductor systems, as shown by noise spectroscopy.

A dispersive sensing technique, termed the radiofrequency electron cascade, can perform singlet-triplet readout of two exchange-coupled electron spins in a natural silicon planar metal–oxide–semiconductor quantum-dot array.

JWST’s COSMOS-Web survey is used to create an ultra-high-detail dark matter map, revealing hidden filaments, clusters and distant structures. By tracing features out to z = 2, this map shows how dark and luminous matter build the cosmic web across cosmic time.

High-order modes of hyperbolic polaritons – hybrid light-matter interactions – in anisotropic van der Waals materials hold potential for nanophotonics applications. Here, the authors report the observation of polariton mode conversion in step-shaped terraces of hexagonal boron nitride and α-MoO3.

The effects of global biodiversity loss on local plant communities have been equivocal. Across 57,398 European time series, covering > 100 years, local plant diversity gains are often associated with rises in generalist and non-native plants.

Superconductivity in twisted bilayer WSe₂ evolves smoothly with twist angle and emerges near Fermi surface reconstruction, linking previously distinct phase diagrams and clarifying its correlated origin.

This work presents the first directional dark-field nanoimaging method, enabling sub-resolution orientation mapping via simple TXM implementation. Its application is demonstrated on nanoporous glass and human tooth enamel nanocrystals.

The famous nebula Barnard 68 has been used as a giant cosmic-ray detector: cosmic-ray-excited vibrational H₂ emission has been observed by JWST, giving a direct measurement of the CR ionization rate.

Structural studies demonstrate that myosin generates forces that cause structural changes in actin, modulating cooperative binding by α-catenin and thus signal transduction and intercellular communication via adhesion complexes.

The immunological events that correlate with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) containment in immune suppressed hosts remain to be explored. The authors here show that CD8⁺ T cells are critical for BCG vaccination-induced prevention of Mtb dissemination in the absence of CD4⁺ T cells in a mouse model of contained tuberculosis.

Here they identify TBL/R1 as regulator of insulin levels and pancreatic β-cell identity. Mice with β-cell TBL/R1 deficiency display diabetes and interactome screens reveal a regulatory network including PAX6, verified in human β-cells.

It is currently unknown how uniform is signalling at the first synapse of vision in vivo. Here, the authors show neighbouring PR1 (red) cones differ in contrast sensitivity and timing due to locally stochastic horizontal-cell feedback, thereby extending total dynamic range.

A twenty-first century fire is shown to be the first to have affected a high-elevation region in the central African mountains in the past 12,000 years, and previous burning at mid-elevations highlights the potential role of humans in transforming Afromontane ecosystems.

Cells use fluid flow to deliver proteins to their leading edge. An actin barrier creates a compartment where contraction drives flow, steering proteins toward growing regions. This mechanism coordinates protein distribution with cell shape changes.

Pioneer of neutron diffraction and the structure of superconductors.

This study shows that transcranial ultrasound stimulation can suppress a pathological biomarker in the brain network responsible for symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. This discovery could pave the way for future ultrasound-based deep brain stimulation.

Testing the validity of the quantum superposition principle with increasingly large particles may shed light on the quantum to classical transition for macroscopic objects. Here, Bateman et al. propose a near-field interference scheme based on the single-source Talbot effect for 10⁶ amu silicon particles.

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease threatening global apple and pear production. Here, the authors report a new antimicrobial compound from Pseudomonas soli that can effectively control fire blight pathogen in field conditions.

Multi-ancestry and ancestry-stratified genome-wide analyses identify genetic variants associated with refractive error and enable construction of an enhanced polygenic predictor incorporating functional annotations.

A perception-driven freeform eyepiece enables statically-foveated optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) with an 80° FOV and over 60 pixels per degree (PPD) peak resolution, delivering high perceived image quality while reducing pixel demand by over 35%.

During chemotherapy Endonuclease G triggers chromosomal breakage and leukemogenic rearrangements in hematopoietic cells. Here the authors identify a peptide derived from Ku80 antagonizing this mutagenic effect through specific Endonuclease G inhibition.