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It is unclear whether plant-herbivore interactions systematically favour exotic plant species. Here the authors investigate plant-herbivore and plant-soil biota interactions in experimental mesocosm communities, finding that exotic plants dominate community biomass despite accumulating more invertebrate herbivores.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with increased faecal N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), which are primarily host-produced signalling lipids, in patients and a mouse model of colitis. These metabolites can enhance the growth of bacterial species enriched in IBD faecal samples and are associated with the expression of respiratory chain genes necessary for microbial metabolism of NAEs.

The understanding of defects in bromide-based perovskites remains elusive. Electric biasing and introducing bromide in the precursor solution during crystal growth is shown to significantly reduce defects in formamidinium lead bromide.

In order to efficiently process incoming sensory information, our brain is thought to make predictions about future events. Here, the authors show how neurons in the mouse visual cortex enhance their representation of unpredicted surprising events.

Methionine restriction decreases fecundity and increases lifespan in flies. Here Wei et al. show that supplementing folic acid, associated with one-carbon metabolism, during methionine restriction in flies, mitigates the decline in fertility while retaining the intervention’s life-extending benefits.

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is variable but has been linked to prognosis and the development of severe immunopathology. Here the authors assess a range of immune parameters in both peripheral blood and respiratory samples, providing a comparative assessment of the immune response between these compartments and their potential impact on immune-pathogenesis.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Light beads microscopy is a two-photon microscopy approach that allows high-speed volumetric imaging of neuronal activity at the mesoscale.

ATAC-seq measures chromatin accessibility as a proxy for the activity of DNA regulatory regions across the genome. Here the authors present AtacWorks, a deep learning tool to denoise and identify accessible chromatin regions from low cell count, low-coverage, or low-quality ATAC-seq data.

Mosaic copy number gains arising from an extra parentally derived chromosome 1q allele are found in brain tissue from five individuals with focal epilepsy. These copy number gains are strongly enriched in astrocytes, indicating somatic rescue in other tissues during development.

Jason Cooper and colleagues identify four new risk loci for type 1 diabetes through a meta-analysis of data from three genome-wide association studies, with replication in additional case-control and family-based samples, providing further insights into the genetic risk factors underlying this disease.

Ultrasound neuromodulation overcomes limitations of electrode-based stimulation through improved

targeting and long-term stability for treating neurological disorders. Here, authors present a hair-thin, implantable piezoelectric stimulator that selectively modulates neurons in the deep brain.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

A multi-modal analysis of pre-metastatic liver biopsies from patients with localized pancreatic cancer with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up shows that immunological, proliferative and metabolomic features distinguish patients who develop metastases from disease-free survivors and can be used to predict outcomes.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

A combination of genetic strategies and tools is used to define and fate-map different subtypes of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons according to their developmental and molecular programs, providing insight into the assembly of cortical processing networks.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) respond well to PD-1 blockade, but the underlying cellular insights are still lacking. Here, the authors use single-cell transcriptome and spatial analyses to identify distinct circulating and tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺ T cell, B cell and IL1β⁺ monocyte/macrophage features associated with response to PD-1 blockade in cHL.

Durable agonism of NPR1 achieved with a novel investigational monoclonal antibody could mirror the positive hemodynamic changes in blood pressure and heart failure identified in humans with lifelong exposure to NPR1 coding variants.

Sex differences occur in various aspects of neurodevelopment. Here the authors use manganese-enhanced MRI at nine different postnatal stages to detail the development of structural sex differences in the mouse brain.

A technique using barcoded beads for DNA sequencing within tissue sections enables spatial resolution of tumour clonal heterogeneity and can be multiplexed with other analytical techniques for analysis of complex cellular phenotypes.

Hoang et al. developed a deep-learning framework called ENLIGHT–DeepPT that predicts therapy response based on imputed transcriptomics and shows predictive power across patient cohorts and cancer types.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

A dataset of coding variation, derived from exome sequencing of nearly one million individuals from a range of ancestries, provides insight into rare variants and could accelerate the discovery of disease-associated genes and advance precision medicine efforts.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis combined with multiomics data of osteoarthritis identifies 700 effector genes as well as biological processes with a convergent involvement of multiple effector genes; 10% of these genes express the target of approved drugs.

Combining microfluidics with combinatorial indexing enables rapid mapping of genome accessibility in hundreds of thousands of single cells.

Methods to probe DNA methylation in the majority of non-human mammals are lacking. Here the authors developed a Mammalian Methylation Array that includes 36k well-conserved CpGs in mammals which will facilitate cross-species comparisons. They annotate the conserved CpGs in > 200 species. The array allows one to measure methylation in all mammalian species including unsequenced ones.

How entorhinal grid cells control hippocampal coding and behavior remains elusive. The authors report that increasing the spatial scale of grid cells expands the scale and reduces the stability of place fields, impairing spatial memory in mice.

Historical dynamics show that no country has achieved minimum social thresholds within biophysical boundaries between 1992 and 2015, and a projection indicates that no country is on the path to achieve them.

This study uses human astrocytes and glioma tumorspheres to generate an atlas of mutant-IDH1-induced epigenomic reprogramming. The findings have implications for understanding mutant IDH function and for optimizing approaches to target IDH-mutant tumors.

Orphan transporters can be found in over 20 families in the SLC superfamily. Here, the authors show that human SLC22A10 is a unitary pseudogene due to a fixed missense mutation, P220; while in great apes, its orthologs transport sex steroid conjugates.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of kidney cancer identifies 63 regions associated with disease susceptibility including one locus that was associated with increased risk in individuals with African ancestry.

Multiple cellular pathways are altered in cancer and identifying them is relevant for prognosis and therapy. Here, the authors develop Benchmark and Pathway Ensemble Tool (PET), two computational approaches to optimise pathway discovery in cancer and predict related biomarkers and therapeutic avenues.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of individuals with primary immunodeficiency identifies new candidate disease-associated genes and shows how the interplay between genetic variants can explain the variable penetrance and complexity of the disease.

It is assumed that single-cell analyses capture one barcode per cell. Here, the authors show that up to 21% of cell barcodes on the 10X Chromium scATAC-seq assay may be derived from barcode multiplets.

The effect of a cumulative emission of carbon on peak global mean surface temperature is better constrained than the effect of stabilizing the atmospheric composition. The approach is also insensitive to the timing or peak rate of emissions. Using carbon cycle models, it is shown that a trillion tonnes of carbon emissions (about half of which has already been emitted since industrialization began) will produce a most likely peak warming of 2 degrees Celsius.

This resource article describes a bioinformatical tool that, accessing an extensive gene expression database, allows the definition and identification of new brain structures based on gene expression patterns.

Here the authors describe a functional screening platform in human stem cells to identify and optimize protein-based gene editing additives that increase homologous directed recombination and have potential to improve gene therapy workflows.

The C termini sequences recognized by E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP were identified via a peptide library screen. Caspase cleavage caused the exposure of aspartic acid at the C termini of Tau and caspase-6 that made them accessible to CHIP.

Fine-tuning the RoseTTAFold structure prediction network on protein structure denoising tasks yields a generative model for protein design that achieves outstanding performance on a wide range of protein structure and function design challenges.

Serine synthesis from glucose is required even when serine is available from the environment. Here, the authors explain this paradox by showing that the enzyme PHGDH enables nucleotide synthesis by coordinating anabolic fluxes related to central carbon metabolism, independent of its role in serine production.