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Mass-wasting deposits that accumulated against mid-ocean ridge faults have high porosity in which calcium carbonate precipitated, storing seawater carbon dioxide, as revealed by cores of a 61-million-year-old seafloor talus deposit.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

This work introduces a wireless, battery-free soil sensor that enables subsoil monitoring of moisture and salinity using drone-readable signals. The system allows scalable, low-cost deployment across farms, helping improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.

DNA in many bacteriophages contains unusual chemical modifications. Here, the authors discover that carboxymethylcytosine is a natural DNA base and reveal its role as an intermediate enabling further DNA hypermodification.

This study reports on self-aggregating injectable microcrystals for administering long-acting drug implants via low-profile needles, a key factor in patient adoption. Microcrystal self-aggregation is engineered through a solvent exchange process to form depots with minimal polymer excipient, demonstrating enhanced long-term release of a model contraceptive drug in rodents.

A coating made from densely packed hydroxyapatite particles in an organic matrix endows the dactyl club of mantis shrimps with high stiffness and energy damping.

The authors demonstrate broadband and efficient radio-transparent antennas based on cloaking technology. Their features are well suited for modern communication systems, as closely spaced antennas need to be integrated with minimal interference.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a highly aggressive disease with varying recurrence rates. Here, the authors build a single cell transcriptomic atlas of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). They identified a distinctive cancer cell state that correlates with high risk, treatment refractory T-ALL.

A metasurface-based approach is used to implement computationally expensive digital convolution operations in high-speed, low-power optics for improving the latency and power consumption of machine vision systems.

By integrating DNA genotype and RNA sequencing data from human samples, d’Escamard et al. identify a gene regulatory co-expression supernetwork that plays an important role in fibromuscular dysplasia, a poorly understood disease affecting 3–5% of adult females.

Synthetic materials that can repeatedly self-repair, akin to biological systems, are vital to meeting the 21st century’s infrastructural demands. Here, authors develop fiber-reinforced composites with rapid and prolonged in situ self-healing while also preserving structural integrity.

Tan and colleagues conducted a single-cell multiomic analysis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and identified a treatment-resistant subpopulation of bone marrow progenitor-like blasts associated with poor outcomes.

Nonlinear circuit arrays can exhibit self-induced topological transitions as a function of input intensity and topological immunity against defects and disorder.

Deflection is one of the options discussed for preventing catastrophic collisions of asteroids with Earth. Now, a megajoule-class X-ray pulse is used to simulate such scenarios, demonstrating that it is a viable strategy at higher interceptor energies.

Water has a role to play in the future of cooling but is currently limited by the lack of meaningful control methods. Here, authors demonstrate the ability of electrostatic fields to act as a catalyst for water-based evaporative cooling, paving the way for widescale adoption of evaporative cooling.

Extracellular microinterfaces provide cells with migration tracks in vivo. Here, the authors introduce these microtracks into bicontinuous hydrogels to elicit rapid cell migration in 3-dimensional contexts.

Disassembly of three-dimensionally ordered materials generates nanoparticles with new structural and physicochemical properties. Here the authors show a fragmentation strategy applied to a perovskite material leading to nanostructures with improved catalytic activity in the methane combustion.

Bioplastics are desirable materials for the replacement of petrochemical-derived plastics, but achieving the desired properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report a bioplastic formed from a combination of polysaccharide sources and DNA from living organism waste, with biodegradability and recyclability.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F glycoprotein forms a trimeric complex and mediates viral entry. Using structures of RSV F in complex with antibodies, Gilman et al. here show a breathing motion of the prefusion conformation of F, resulting in transient opening of the trimeric complex in solution and on the cell surface.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Using RFdiffusion, a general method for targeting intrinsically disordered proteins and regions for protein design has been developed.

COVID-19 can be treated with monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, but emerging new variants might show resistance towards existing therapy. Here authors show that anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike human single-chain antibody fragments could gain neutralizing activity against variants of concern upon engineering into a human bispecific antibody.

Predicting binding specificity of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and putative antigens can help improve cancer immunotherapy. Lin et al. propose RACER, which efficiently makes use of supervised machine learning to learn important molecular interactions contributing to TCR–peptide binding.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Tumour recurrence is a common cause of death for patients with cancer. Here Fox et al. show how the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is activated in dormant residual tumour cells and promotes their proliferation and tumour growth by inducing a metabolic reprogramming aimed to maintain redox homeostasis and nucleotide synthesis.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Parity induces an accumulation of CD8⁺ T cells, including cells with a tissue-resident-memory-like phenotype within human normal breast tissue, offering long-term protection against triple-negative breast cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

MYC amplification is an independent prognostic factor for the most aggressive subgroup (Group 3) of pediatric medulloblastoma (G3 MB). Here, the authors highlight the role of the RNA-binding protein, Musashi-1 (MSI1) in G3 MB and identify MSI1-bound targets sharing MYC associated pathways.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The energy needed to control a network is related to the links between driver and non-driver nodes, a linear control theory suggests. Applying the theory to connectome data reveals that diverse dynamics in brain networks incur small energetic cost.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Some broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 recognize glycopeptide epitopes in the gp120 V1–V2 region. Now X-ray crystallography and NMR approaches, together with functional analyses of two such antibodies (PG9 and PG16), reveal how glycan binding specificity is achieved. The authors also created a chimeric Fab that showed improved neutralization activity.

Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomics analyses of more than 1,300 cases of childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia identify 15 distinct subtypes that are associated with specific outcomes.

Liquid–liquid phase separation is known in cell biology as an underlying mechanism of intracellular organization. The authors study a complex interplay between phase separation, network mechanics, and condensate capillarity, providing explanation for the phenomena in complex environments like the cellular interior.

An Earth-sized planet is observed orbiting a nearby star within the liquid-water, habitable zone, the atmospheric composition of which could be determined from future observations.

Deep X-ray limits are placed on the source of the closest fast radio burst, FRB 20200120E, ruling out an ultraluminous X-ray source or a young extragalactic pulsar embedded in a Crab-like nebula as its origin.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

B cell receptor sequencing with ligand blocking speeds up neutralizing antibody discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.