Search

The relative importance of the mechanisms underlying species radiation remains unclear. Here, the authors combine reference genome assembly and population genetics analyses to show that neutral forces have contributed to the radiation of the most species-rich tree genus Syzygium.

There is a genetic component to the risk of severe COVID-19, but the genetic effects are difficult to separate from social constructs that covary with genetic ancestry. To address this, the authors identify determinants of COVID-19 severity using admixture mapping, viral phylodynamics, and host immune and metagenomic sequencing.

While there is a great potential to use generative AI to address socio-economic challenges, there are also obstacles for creating locally adapted AI tools for fair development in LMICs, which are all discussed in this Perspective.

Developing efficient anodes for H₂O₂ production via water oxidation remains challenging. Here, the authors report a ZnGa₂O₄ anode with dual active sites to improve the selectivity and to resist the decomposition of H₂O₂, and the peak faradaic efficiency reaches 82% at a low potential.

A large and relatively fresh groundwater reservoir is identified in Pearl River estuary and adjacent shelf. This offshore low-salinity groundwater, likely a global phenomenon, has great potential to alleviate the pressure of future water shortages.

Osimertinib and dacomitinib are approved as first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC but resistance can arise. Here, the authors use a computational model to identify an optimal dosing schedule for osimertinib and dacomitinib combination therapy that was confirmed tolerable and effective in an ongoing phase I clinical trial.

Hummingbirds are known to defy the predicted scaling relationships between body and wing size. Here, Skandalis et al. develop a ‘force allometry’ framework to show that, regardless of wing size, hummingbird species have the same wing velocity during flight.

It is known that exercise influences many human traits, but not which tissues and genes are most important. This study connects transcriptome data collected across 15 tissues during exercise training in rats as part of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium with human data to identify traits with similar tissue specific gene expression signatures to exercise.

Can residents in a community microgrid enjoy greater electricity quotas during blackouts by paying more? Study shows US residents support market-based mechanisms even in life-and-death situations.

Sexual dimorphism in genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome is linked to differential protein abundance from alleles of complement component 4.

Here, the authors apply live-cell and in situ fluorescence imaging at the single-molecule level to examine lambda DNA replication in single cells, finding that individual phage DNAs sequester host factors to their own vicinity and confine their replicated DNAs into separate compartments, suggesting that phage decision-making transcripts are spatially organized in separate compartments to allow distinct subcellular decisions to develop.

The bacteriophage lambda and its hostEscherichia coli provide a model system to study cell-fate decisions. Here, Trinh et al. develop a four-colour fluorescence system at the single-cell/single-virus/single-viral-DNA level and find phages cooperate during lysogenization and compete during lysis.

A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.

Shroff and colleagues report that cell proliferation induces localized mechanical compression in the tissue, driving the formation of the main mouse tooth signalling centre via differential YAP expression.

AQP5 is identified as a marker for pyloric stem cells in humans and mice, and stem cells in the AQP5⁺ compartment are shown to be a source of invasive gastric cancer in mouse models.

Notch signaling is known to modulate macrophage polarization. Hu and colleagues show that the Notch–RBP-J axis controls the expression of M1 macrophage–specific genes by promoting translation of the transcription factor IRF8.

The increasing accessibility of single cell omics technologies beyond transcriptomics demands parallel advances in analysis. Here, the authors introduce STREAM, a pipeline for reconstruction and visualization of differentiation trajectories from both single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data.

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

DuMPLING (dynamic μ-fluidic microscopy phenotyping of a library before in situ genotyping) enables screening of dynamic phenotypes in strain libraries and was used here to study genes that coordinate replication and cell division in Escherichia coli.

Effective therapeutic options are still needed in neuroblastoma treatment. Here, the authors, through a comprehensive proteomics analysis, identify ATR as a potential therapeutic target of neuroblastoma and demonstrate the efficacy of the ATR inhibitor BAY1895344 in combination with the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor lorlatinib.

Compositionally and geometrically complex nano-objects are an important goal in medicinal, photonic and electronic materials research. Here, the authors fabricate disk-sphere and disk-cylinder nanoparticles with defined multicompartments from binary mixtures of block copolymers.

Dengue and Zika virus are closely related flaviviruses but can have contrasting transmission dynamics in the same populations. Here, the authors use a model combining serological, surveillance and viral sequence data to explain differences in transmission dynamics in Fiji.

Mutations in the GABA A receptor have been implicated in alcohol dependence in humans. In this study, the authors show that mice with mutations in the beta 1 subunit of the GABA A receptor exhibit spontaneous GABA A channel opening and preferentially consume alcohol, working harder to access it.

Current methods for controlled assembly of nanomaterials into desired architectures often lack the precision and versatility to develop complex architectures. Here the authors report STAR, surfactant tunable spatial architecture, to guide nanomaterial integration in metal-organic frameworks.

The long noncoding RNA XIST plays a central role in sex-specific gene expression in humans by silencing one of two X chromosomes in female cells. Here the authors show that higher order secondary structure creates the modular domain structure of XIST ribonucleoprotein complex and spatial separation of functions.

Rinse Weersma, Carl Anderson and colleagues report the results of a trans-ancestry association study of inflammatory bowel disease. They implicate 38 new susceptibility loci, and show that the variance explained by each IBD risk locus is consistent across diverse ancestries, with a few notable exceptions.

Formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomer pores in the membrane of neurons has been proposed to explain neurotoxicity in Alzheimer´s disease. Here authors present the 3D- structure of an Aβ oligomer formed in a membrane mimicking environment and observe that Aβ tetramers and octamers inserted into lipid bilayers as well-defined pores.

Laser microdissection and microarrays are used to assess 900 precise subdivisions of the brains from three healthy men with 60,000 gene expression probes; the resulting atlas allows comparisons between humans and other animals, and will facilitate studies of human neurological and psychiatric diseases.

The levels of 1,251 metabolites are measured in 475 phenotyped individuals, and machine-learning algorithms reveal that diet and the microbiome are the determinants with the strongest predictive power for the levels of these metabolites.

We correlate lab test and field test results to better predict the performance of perovskite photovoltaics as a step towards real-world implementation.

Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features is needed to understand the transition of kidney cells from health to injury. Here, the authors integrate dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury cell states, identifying a transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 which regulates adaptive repair and maladaptive failed repair.

Maturation of antibody-producing B cells in germinal centers is orchestrated by T follicular helper cells. Here Pratama et al. show that miR-146a negatively regulates T follicular helper cells by targeting ICOS-ICOS ligand signaling in germinal centers.

Toxic and venomous species often have conspicuous warning colouration that is mimicked by harmless species. Here, Davis Rabosky et al. combine phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses to reveal that mimicry of venomous coral snakes has been a major driver of snake colour evolution in the New World.

UBE2W catalyzes the ubiquitination of protein N-termini but its substrate spectrum is largely unknown. Here, the authors discover mAbs selective for peptides derived from N-terminally ubiquitinated proteins, solve the structure of a peptide-bound mAb and apply the mAbs to map endogenous UBE2W substrates by proteomics.

SpaceX’s Inspiration4 mission sent an all-civilian crew into orbit to study physiological, neurovestibular and neurocognitive changes in the astronauts and found that short-duration civilian space missions do not pose a major health risk.

Lassa virus vaccination is impeded by the limited capacity of vaccine candidates to induce rapid protection. In this study, the authors found that a single shot of a measles-based Lassa vaccine protected nonhuman primates 16 or 8 days after vaccination.

Over the past 35 years, annual tree mortality risk has increased in the moist tropical forests of Australia and is associated with increased atmospheric water stress.

Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of blood samples from individuals with COVID-19 reveals immune cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell alterations that are differentially associated with disease severity.

Via specific acid etching, the authors report the production of spatially differentiated Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets to accelerate photogenerated charge transfer and separation for effective water splitting in a one-step excitation system with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.1%.

GPR61 is an orphan GPCR of interest for treatment of appetite disorders, such as obesity and cachexia. Here, the authors report structures of GPR61 in its active and inactive states, including with a G protein-competitive small molecule inverse agonist.

Supported metal single-atom catalysts face challenges on both durability and practicality. Here, the authors demonstrate that a sustained 90% diesel oxidation conversion at ~160 ^oC is achieved by single-atom Pt on TiO₂ nanowire-array integrated catalytic converter.

Daniel Benjamin, Meike Bartels, Philipp Koellinger and colleagues report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of subjective well-being, depressive symptoms and neuroticism. The study leverages a large sample size together with genetic correlations between the phenotypes to identify, with high confidence, loci associated with each phenotype.

The tau protein is theorized to spread transneuronally in Alzheimers disease, though this theory remains unproven in humans. Our simulations of epidemic-like protein spreading across human brain networks support this theory, and suggest the spreading dynamics are modified by β-amyloid

The impact of chromatin structure on gene expression makes it integral to our understanding of developmental and disease processes. Here, the authors introduce a hierarchical hidden Markov model to systematically annotate chromatin states at multiple length scales, and demonstrate its utility for the elucidation of the role of chromatin structure in gene expression.

This study revealed a regulatory system in which transcription factor and histone acetylation functions are coordinated for maintaining normal stem vascular cambium development for wood formation in Populus trichocarpa.

Though ubiquitin is known to broadly influence endosomal trafficking, few ubiquitin-utilizing enzymes targeting endosomal regulators are known. Here, the authors find that the deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) USP32 influences endosomal membrane dynamics by deubiquitinating Rab7.

Dry-season climate variability is a primary driver of tropical tree growth, according to observations from a pantropical tree-ring network.