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cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Hypoxia induces a change in transcriptional response in mammalian cells. Here the authors reveal a role for the RNA/DNA helicase Senataxin in protecting cells from DNA damage induced during transcription in hypoxia.

Strong magnetic fields on the Moon between 3.854 and 3.580 billion years ago correlate with the titanium content of lunar basalts, suggesting a link between dynamo generation and eruption of high-Ti basalts, according to a heat-flux modelling study.

Using single-cell and multi-omics data of fetal blood, a high-resolution molecular map of dysregulated haematopoiesis in Down syndrome is provided.

Using single-cell RNA-seq, the authors produced a comprehensive atlas of the somatosensory spinal cord. They found that neuron types build the dorsal horn by a discrete layering and to be differentially engaged by noxious heat and cold.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

Jin et al. discovered Atlantic grey seal milk contains 332 complex sugars, including 166 novel structures. Seal milk rivals human milk complexity, includes giant molecules up to 28 sugar units, changes during lactation, and shows immune-boosting effects.

In mature continental rifts, magma intrusion appears to accommodate significant crustal extension. Here, radiometric ages for lavas suggest that this style of focused magmatic accretion and rifting remained stable in the Ethiopian crust for at least ~200 kyr, prior to the onset of true oceanic spreading.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Two bead-based approaches for CRISPR diagnostics increase sensitivity and deployability in resource-constrained settings.

Recent studies in yeast, invertebrates and mammals have begun to solve the puzzle of how dietary restriction results in increased longevity. An increased knowledge of the underlying pathways promises to provide new directions for treating ageing-related diseases in humans.

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRM) are important mediators of local immunity. Here the authors show that the deficiency or inhibition of a kinase, WNK1, unlinks macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling and resulted macropinocytosis with the downstream, potentially IRF8-mediated genetic program to bias progenitor differentiation to neutrophil instead of TRM.

Goel et al. examine why some factually correct news articles are often shared by users who also shared fake news articles on social media.

A survey of protein structures identifies widespread lysine–cysteine cross-links in functionally diverse proteins across all domains of life and in various structural motifs, where these redox switches control enzyme catalysis and/or ligand binding.

We analyse a global dataset of genomic DNA sequences for Ophiuroidea to gain an understanding of phylogenetic divergence and biotic movement across oceans, finding phylogentically divergent faunas at shelf depths but greater connectivity of species at deep-sea depths.

A systematic review shows that climate–conflict research tends to focus on a few accessible regions characterized by violent conflict rather than those most vulnerable to climate change, which may inflate the perceived prevalence of links between climate change and violent conflict.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, an inhaled phage cocktail was well tolerated in adults with cystic fibrosis and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, with evidence of lung delivery and signs of bacterial reduction.

Observations of feeding interactions show that warming simplifies the structure of food webs in stream ecosystems. Simulations show that consumer diversity and changes in abundance drive this simplification and can reduce ecosystem stability.

Modulating deep brain structure can lead to therapies for neurological conditions. Here, the authors show a transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) system featuring a 256-element helmet-shaped transducer array for modulation of the LGN and connected visual cortex regions

Wamaitha and colleagues used the rhesus macaque to characterize the transcriptional and spatial mechanisms underlying ovarian reserve formation in prenatal life providing insights into the molecular processes governing ovarian follicle establishment.

Engineered polypeptide cleavage in vivo demonstrates that the loss of titin tension induces severe muscle atrophy.

Compressed Perturb-seq incorporates compressed sensing to genetic screening for scalable discovery of genetic interactions.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

Mineral weathering and microbial priming are two important processes that regulate soil formation and CO₂ emissions. Here the authors link weathering with primed organic matter decomposition, which plays a key role in controlling soil C dynamics.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

This Primer introduces hyperspectral imaging (HSI) through a concise, imaging-centric perspective, linking sensor platforms, data types and representative datasets across application domains. It highlights how platform characteristics shape data properties and downstream analysis, providing a unified reference for understanding and comparing HSI systems and data.

Supramolecular gels whose properties can be tuned through non-covalent interactions — typically metal coordination or hydrogen bonding — are attracting attention in various fields. Researchers have now shown that halogen bonding is also strong enough to be relied on; it interferes with competitive, gel-inhibitory hydrogen bonding to induce co-gelation between two urea-based components.

Past volcanic eruptions along the densely populated Ethiopian Rift valley remain poorly constrained despite the present day hazard. Hutchison et al. show that a large volcanic flare up along a 200 km section of the rift occurred between 320–170 ka dramatically affecting the landscape and hominin population.

Here the authors demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is subject to redox regulation in vitro, reversibly switching between the enzymatically active dimer and the functionally dormant monomer through redox modifications of cysteine residues.

Symbiont-housing structures are well-studied in multicellular eukaryotes but rarely in unicellular protists. This study shows that low-oxygen-adapted Anaeramoebae have symbiosomes positioning sulfate-reducing bacteria near hydrogenosomes, with genomic analyses suggesting likely metabolic interactions.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

Ecologically valid data collected during the 2018 and 2020 US elections show that exposure to and engagement with partisan or unreliable news on Google Search are driven not primarily by algorithmic curation but by users’ own choices.

A conjugate drug consisting of GLP-1 receptor agonist and the PPARɑ/ɣ dual-agonist tesaglitazar is shown to have superior anti-diabetic effects than monotherapy.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Four labs discovered and replicated 16 novel findings with practices such as preregistration, large sample sizes and replication fidelity. Their findings suggest that with best practices, high replicability is achievable.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.