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The priming effect (PE) predicts soil carbon across croplands. Using soils from European long-term experiments, we show that low-intensity management enhances PE, whereas intensive fertilization and tillage reduce it.

Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) relies on the binding of specific targets and E3 ubiquitin-ligases to promote ubiquitination and degradation of targets by the proteasome. Here, by designing chimeras that bind the proteasome-associated factor Usp14, the authors present a generalizable TPD approach based on proteasome-dependent and E3 ligase-independent small-molecule compounds.

Here, the authors show that strategies to restore host–microbiota symbiosis by preserving butyrate levels delay multimorbidity and extend lifespan in mice with mitochondrial dysfunction, in association with epigenetic remodeling in the intestine

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

In a widespread sampling campaign across urban soils, the authors find that soil biodiversity, but not plant diversity, is positively related to multiple ecosystem functions in urban environments.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Analyzing data of the Mexican Biobank project, a new study finds regional differences in clinically relevant genetic frequencies and presents MexVar, a publicly accessible resource designed to support ancestry-informed genetic testing.

Crop wild relatives’ genetic diversity is usually not considered in conservation planning. Here, the authors introduce an approach to identify conservation areas based on evolutionary and threat processes, by developing proxies of genetic differentiation, and including taxa’s habitat preferences.

Alström syndrome (AöS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by metabolic problems. Here, the authors show that in AöS models, defects in cilia and autophagy lead to ACBP accumulation, which drives obesity. An anti-ACBP antibody reduces weight gain and metabolic dysfunction, highlighting ACBP as a therapeutic target for this ciliopathy.

The lack of machine-readable experimental data impedes data-driven discoveries in catalysis research. To advance the FAIR principles — guidelines to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse of digital assets — we have developed a catalysis plugin (called the Catalysis App) for the NOMAD platform that supports standardized data upload and features integrated visualization. This infrastructure provides a robust foundation for machine-learning workflows and the direct comparison of experimental data with theory.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Exercise modulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in murine models. Here the authors report that there is no evidence that 24 weeks of supervised exercise training modulates BAT volume or function in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, often found in the human stomach, can be classified into distinct subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host. Here, the authors provide insights into H. pylori population structure by collecting over 1,000 clinical strains from 50 countries and generating and analyzing high-quality bacterial genome sequences.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

This study reveals that LBD transcription factors in the cambium drive radial plant growth by regulating PECTATE LYASE-LIKE (PLL) enzymes that remodel cell wall pectin, promoting cell expansion.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

In this work, authors present an AI framework to detect pediatric tuberculosis by using both frontal and lateral chest X-rays, showing robust performance across several age groups and settings.

Liu et al. demonstrate that human-driven soil contamination in natural areas mirrors that in nearby urban greenspaces globally, and highlight the potential influence that soil contaminants have on ecosystem functions.

The global ecological predictors of soil priming remain unclear. Here the authors conducted a global survey of soils from 86 global locations using an isotopic approach and find that in more mesic sites with high SOC concentrations, soil priming effects are more likely to be negative.

Mosses support carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition and plant pathogen control in soils across the globe, according to a global survey of soil attributes in ecosystems with and without mosses.

The authors report data from the emergency department AURORA study to characterize resilience in more detail than the absence of psychopathology after trauma.

Analysis of plastic debris found in surface waters shows that lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized regions, as well as those with elevated deposition areas, are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination.

The authors investigate the distribution of the aminoglycoside resistance gene npmA in Gram-positive bacteria via a mobile genetic element, highlighting its global presence and cross-species transfer risk.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The immunobiology regulating the contribution of monocytes to severe COVID-19 immunopathology are not fully understood. Here the authors show that SARS-CoV-2 S1 and NP proteins differentially promote NLRP3/NLRC4 inflammasome activity, differentiation, and T cell-priming function of monocytes.

A global field survey that analyses samples of soil from all continents identifies hotspots for soil nature conservation, and shows that different ecological dimensions of soil are associated with different priority areas for conservation.