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A study demonstrates a public generator of random numbers based on device-independent techniques, with the randomness being fully auditable and traceable.

Developing reliable resource characterization while guaranteeing resource efficiency is essential in practical quantum information processing. In this work, the authors show that the data obtained from entanglement distillation protocols can be further processed to efficiently and robustly characterize the entangled resources.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) for information-theoretic secure distribution of cryptographic keys is one of the best known applications that will be enabled by the Quantum Internet. Here, the authors deploy the protocol of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution into a realistic network environment, testing its field performances and showing the co-existing of this QKD protocol and the classical network infrastructure.

When lanthanum aluminate and strontium titanate are brought together, a 2D electron gas with many interesting properties forms at the interface. Magnetotransport results obtained by Joshuaet al. suggest that the behaviour of this interface is governed by a small but fundamental set of electronic bands.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

Photonic quantum memories are essential to develop quantum information networks based on light. Jin et al.employ thulium-doped lithium niobate waveguides and show their suitability as memories using weak coherent pulses for two-photon interference and Bell-state measurements.

Though memristors can potentially emulate neuron and synapse functionality, useful signal energy is lost to Joule heating. Here, the authors demonstrate neuro-transistors with a pseudo-memcapacitive gate that actively process signals via energy-efficient capacitively-coupled neural networks.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

A high-dimensional hyperentanglement of polarization and energy–time subspaces is demonstrated using a biphoton frequency comb. The long-postulated Hong–Ou–Mandel quantum revival is exhibited, with up to 19 time-bin dimensions and 96.5% visibility.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Measurement-based quantum computing is one of the most promising approaches for photon-based universal quantum computation. Here, the authors realise a universal encoder of four-photon graph states on a silicon chip, and use Bayesian inference methods to characterise the error sources.

This study investigates the effectiveness of psychological therapies for depression and anxiety symptoms in 7,597 stroke survivors within England’s primary care system. Results show that 71.3% of stroke survivors experienced reliable improvement and significant reductions in symptom scores, underscoring the importance of intervention for improving recovery.

Mammalian orthoreovirus causes serotype-specific disease in the brain. Here, Shang et al. identify and characterise the role of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B in reovirus attachment, entry and infectivity in the brain.

Birds have an excellent ability to learn to discriminate harmless insects from those that they mimic on the basis of subtle differences in appearance.

Berg et al. identify that primary cilia regulate early valve development in mouse embryos by participating in cushion development, where they function as mechanosensors regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the modulation of Klf4.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Device-independent randomness expansion is demonstrated in an experiment that is secure in the presence of a classical eavesdropper who does not share any entanglement with the setup.

TIRTL-seq is a high-throughput method for paired T cell receptor sequencing at the cohort scale.

Existing ingestible electronics suffer from poor tissue contact, short dwell time, and limited battery life. Here, the authors report an ingestible, battery- free, and tissue-adhering robotic interface for non-invasive and chronic electrostimulation of the gut.

Phase-resolved mid-infrared observations from JWST of the hot gas giant WASP-43b detect a day–night difference of 659 ± 19 K. Comparison with climate models shows that the observations are compatible with cloudy skies, at least on the nightside, and the lack of methane detection suggests the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

A graph-theoretical programmable quantum photonic device composed of about 2,500 components is fabricated on a silicon substrate within a 12 mm × 15 mm footprint. It shows the generation, manipulation and certification of genuine multiphoton multidimensional entanglement, as well as the implementations of scattershot and Gaussian boson sampling.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

The reversible transfer of quantum states of light into and out of matter constitutes an important building block for future applications of quantum communication. Here, the reversible transfer of photon–photon entanglement into entanglement between a photon and a collective atomic excitation in a solid-state device is reported. This should simplify frequency-matching of light with matter interfaces in advanced applications of quantum communication, bringing fully quantum-enabled networks a step closer.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

It is still a challenge for current nanopore sensing methods to differentiate multiple analytes from complex biological material. Here, the authors graft nucleic acid aptamer sequences along the backbone of a double stranded DNA carrier for the detection of multiple protein targets in human serum.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

A type Ia supernova shows the presence of helium-rich circumstellar material, as demonstrated by its spectral features, infrared emission and a radio counterpart, that probably originates from a single-degenerate system in which a white dwarf accretes material from a helium donor star.

The medium-resolution transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b, described using observations from the Near Infrared Spectrograph G395H grating aboard JWST, shows significant absorption from CO₂ and H₂O and detection of SO₂.

The transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b is obtained using observations from the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument aboard the JWST.

Humans can infer rules for building words in a new language from a handful of examples, and linguists also can infer language patterns across related languages. Here, the authors provide an algorithm which models these grammatical abilities by synthesizing human-understandable programs for building words.

Cortical development is influenced by morphogen gradients. To mimic patterning events during brain development, polarized cortical assembloids are generated with the help of a localized FGF8 source.

Making Bohmian mechanics fully compatible with special relativity is still an ongoing challenge. Here, the authors make a further step in this direction by providing a way of constructing the relativistic Bohmian-type velocity field of single photons which is operationally based on weak measurements.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.