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Invasive fungal pathogens have become a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide. Here, authors demonstrate that nanobodies targeting the GDPmannose transporter can arrest fungal cell growth. The structures also reveal the complete transport cycle for an SLC35 nucleotide sugar transporter.

Genomic coupling theory predicts that speciation progress involves the buildup of genomic associations that manifest in aggregate barriers to gene flow. This study develops approaches to quantify genomic coupling and applies them to a rattlesnake hybrid zone.

SLCO2A1 (also known as OATP2A1) is responsible for the transport of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), as well as of a subset of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here, structures of SLCO2A1 bound to PGs and to four widely used drugs elucidate the molecular basis for PG and drug recognition.

The bacterial anti-phage defense systems known as ‘Zorya’ consist of a membrane protein complex (ZorAB) and soluble components of unclear function. Here, the authors solve cryo-EM structures of the ZorAB complex and show that the soluble component ZorE displays nickase activity and acts as an effector module.

Structural and biochemical studies of the β-barrel-assembly machinery from Flavobacterium johnsoniae reveal a subunit composition and assembly that are distinct from those of the canonical Escherichia coli complex.

Intracellular pathogens hijack host gene expression to subvert cellular processes. Here, the authors show that Legionella pneumophila’s PieF effector inhibits the human CCR4-NOT deadenylation machinery, impacting mRNA poly(A) tail shortening and impairing cell division.

Cryoelectron microscopy analyses of the counter-clockwise and clockwise states of the Salmonella Typhimurium C-ring reveal the structural bases for changes in rotation of the bacterial flagellum.

The uptake and elimination of beta-lactam antibiotics are facilitated by the proton-coupled peptide transporters. Here authors present cryo-EM structures of PepT2 in complex with the cefadroxil, amoxicillin and cloxacillin to reveal a mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotic recognition

Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidota move by gliding and export proteins using a type-9 secretion system. Here, Liu et al. show that these two processes use a shared mechanism in which outer membrane proteins are covalently attached by disulfide bonds to a moving track structure inside the cell.

Cryo-EM analysis of the substrate-bound T9SS from Flavobacterium johnsoniae reveals an extended translocon complex and provides insight into protein secretion.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of PCFT in a substrate-free state and bound to the antifolate drug pemetrexed provide insights into how this protein recognizes folates and mediates their transport into cells.

Lipid droplet biogenesis is orchestrated by the conserved membrane protein Seipin via an unknown mechanism. Here, the authors use structural, biochemical and molecular dynamics simulation approaches to reveal the mechanism of lipid droplet formation by the yeast Seipin Sei1 and its partner Ldb16.

System xc- is a cystine transporter that is expressed in the plasma membrane and imports cystine in exchange for intracellular glutamate. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of human system xc- both in the apo form and the glutamate bound state, and further supported by molecular dynamics and cell-based assays they discuss its cystine transport mechanism.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the protein-conducting translocon of the type 9 secretion system reveal its architecture and mechanism of translocation.

The SLC45A4 gene encodes a neuronal polyamine transporter and is linked to pain response in humans and mice.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, the authors describe the structure and function of a molecular motor powering both the Bacteroidetes type 9 protein secretion system and the associated gliding motility apparatus.

Structural and biochemical characterization of the human, chicken, and Drosophila NOT1:NOT10:NOT11 ternary complexes reveal the evolutionarily conserved NOT10:11 module, hierarchical assembly of the complex.

Here Garrett et al. describe a toxin, TslA, secreted by type VII secretion system that has a reverse domain arrangement compared to other previously characterised substrates. The authors show that TslA is a lipase with antibacterial activity.

Export of proteins by type three secretion systems occurs through an export gate that is localized in the periplasm. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of the Vibrio mimicus export gate complex with FlhB, which plays a major role in switching of the specificity of secretion substrates and propose a mechanism for export gate opening.

Structures of the flagellar MS-ring from Salmonella elucidate its mode of action, revealing how this complex serves as a structural adaptor that enables protein secretion and flagellar rotation.

Cryo-EM structure of the Salmonella Typhimurium FliP–FliQ–FliR complex identifies this export gate as a core component of the periplasmic portion of the type III secretion system.

Using single-particle analysis cryogenic electron microscopy, the authors determine the structures of the bacterial flagellum stator complexes from three diverse bacteria.

Chen et al. determined the cryo-EM structure of the TraT exclusion protein from the F plasmid of E. coli, revealing a unique hollow homodecameric architecture that includes α-helices traversing the outer membrane. Their work indicates that TraT might limit plasmid transfer via physical interference, offering insights into controlling antimicrobial resistance.

The in situ cryo-electron microscopy structure of the intact Salmonella flagellar basal body—including the inner membrane rotor, drive shaft and outer membrane bushing complex—elucidates the mechanisms of assembly of this complex macromolecular structure that enables bacterial motility.

Harding et al. present a biophysical and structural characterization of the complex between huntingtin (HTT) and HAP40 proteins. They show that the abundance of HAP40 is coupled with that of HTT and that there is greater conformational variety in the exon 1 of the mutant HTT than WT, important for the future drug discovery studies targeting Huntington’s disease.