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Cu-based photocatalysts usually show wavelength-dependent activity. Here, UiO-66(COOH)₂-Cu exhibits dual-light “logic gate” behavior, where visible and near-infrared synergy drives in-situ Cu restructuring for exceptional hydrogen production.

Using operando synchrotron X-ray imaging, the study reveals 3D morphological and chemical changes of thermochemical particles during redox cycles, uncovering degradation mechanisms and insights for improved thermal energy materials.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Eleven phases of advance of the Greenland Ice Sheet, following the first expansion between 3.3 and 2.6 million years ago, are documented in analyses of a grid of seismic reflection data.

Detection of circulating tumor DNA using MRD-EDGE, a machine-learning-guided single-nucleotide variant and copy-number variant detection platform for signal enrichment, enables monitoring of minimal residual disease and immunotherapy response in settings of low tumor burden.

Antimicrobial resistance genes that have been mobilized between bacterial species represent a subset of the naturally occurring resistome. Here, the authors compare the abundance, diversity and geographical patterns of acquired resistance genes with latent resistance genes in global sewage metagenomes.

Spatiotemporal phase evolution during transformations impacts materials performance in many systems. Here the authors use lithium iron phosphate particles inside a custom-designed battery to characterize in three dimensions the two-phase configuration at various states of charge via X-ray tomography.

A single ultrashort pulse from X-ray free-electron laser is shown to produce a submicron, with >1,000 length-to-diameter aspect ratio long channel in solid material. The results open a new avenue for development of artificial nanofluidic devices with confinement down to the molecular level.

The origin and dispersal of Homo erectus, a long-lived and geographically widespread human ancestor, are unclear despite a rich fossil record. Here, the authors reconstruct the face from a Homo erectus cranium from Gona, Ethiopia, dated to 1.5-1.6 million years ago, providing insights into the evolutionary transition from early Homo to H. erectus.

Carbon coating of electrodes is a common way to enhance electrochemical activity, but the interface mechanism is unclear. Here, Wang et al. adopt a molten technique to produce a sample with large flat surface, which enables visualization of the electrode size-dependent interface change during coating.

Vertical-axis wind turbines offer untapped opportunities for energy generation but suffer from dynamic stall in strong winds. Here, authors implement individual blade pitch control to benefit from stall vortices instead of suppressing them, tripling the power coefficient and reducing load transients by 70%.

Electrochemical properties of organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors depend on their microstructure in operational ionic environments. The microstructure of a model organic mixed ionic–electronic conductor across multiple length scales in both dry and hydrated states, as well as its evolution on hydration, is revealed using cryogenic four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Identifying trends in electrocatalytic activity for carbon dioxide reduction can help with catalyst design, but are difficult to define. Here, the authors develop an electrochemical kinetic model of the process, identifying scaling relations relating transition state energies to CO adsorption energy on metal surfaces.

Microglia proliferate in response to ischemic stroke. Here, the authors show the clonal dynamics of this proliferation and how clonality contributes to microglial heterogeneity in a mouse stroke model, revealing distinct interclonal interactions.

Three translational studies reveal elevated mitochondrial metabolism as a driver of age-related clonal hematopoiesis and suggest that targeting this process — for example, with metformin — could reduce the risk of associated diseases.

Here they generate endogenous optogenetic RhoGEFs and use them to quantitatively direct and study epithelial furrowing via cell shortening, uncovering design principles for morphogenetic furrowing including a role for tissue mechanics in furrow asymmetry.

Complex structural variations and rearrangements in cancer are identified using long-read sequencing.

High contiguity human genomes can be assembled de novo in 6 h using nanopore long-read sequences and the Shasta toolkit.

The distinctive mammalian middle ear evolved by separation of the primary jaw joint from the mandible, requiring breakdown of Meckel’s cartilage. Here, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of mice and opossums is used to mimic transitional forms found in Mesozoic mammals and gain insights into middle ear evolution.

Defects in neural crest development cause neurocristopathies and cancer, but what regulates this is unclear. Here, the authors show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulates migration of neural crest cells, as shown on genetic deletion of GSK3 in the mouse, and that this acts via anaplastic lymphoma kinase.

Hydroxylapatite crystallites in human dental enamel show gradients in chemical composition, with a layer of magnesium enrichment on each side of a core rich in sodium, fluoride and carbonate ions.

Standard topological invariants commonly used in static systems are not enough to fully capture the topological properties of Floquet systems. In a periodically driven quantum gas, chiral edge modes emerge despite all Chern numbers being equal to zero.

The electroreduction of carbon dioxide to formate represents a desirable strategy for the production of fuels and commodity chemicals. Now, guided by density functional theory, Cui and colleagues report CuSn₃ alloys that exhibit high activity and selectivity for formate production from CO₂ electroreduction at potentials as low as −0.5 V versus RHE.

Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy reveals the growth pathway of 2D cobalt oxide and cobalt nickel oxide, in which 3D nanoparticles are formed first and then spread and transform into 2D nanosheets.

To better understand the impacts of marine heatwaves in coastal ecosystems, this study examined the responses of habitat-forming species (macroalgae, seagrass, and corals) to heatwave events in 1322 areas across 85 marine ecoregions. The results suggest marine heatwaves play a key role in the decline of habitat-forming species globally, although some areas exhibit a level of resilience.

The impacts of microclimate on future plant population dynamics are poorly understood. The authors use large-scale transplant climate change experiments to show the contribution of forest microclimates to population dynamics and project the distributions of 12 common understorey plants.

Understanding how pores evolve in metals submerged in molten salts is important for nanofabrication technology and molten salt corrosion in nuclear and solar power plants. Here, the authors present an in situ X-ray 3D imaging to directly visualize and quantify the process.

In an analysis of forest edge-to-interior transects in Europe, the authors show that different facets of biodiversity and different types of ecosystem service are found in forest interiors versus edges, suggesting that both have a role to play in the provisioning of ecosystem services in landscapes.

Observations of a 3-million-year-old pre-main-sequence star with a misaligned disk reveal a giant orbiting planet; the system is ideal for studying the early formation and migration of planets.

Compositionally and geometrically complex nano-objects are an important goal in medicinal, photonic and electronic materials research. Here, the authors fabricate disk-sphere and disk-cylinder nanoparticles with defined multicompartments from binary mixtures of block copolymers.

Lithium iron phosphate is an extensively studied battery electrode material, but its phase transformation mechanism in the delithiation process is under debate. Here, Wang et al.use hard X-ray microscopy to produce direct real-time phase evolution, which clarifies the delithiation mechanisms.

Pine Island Glacier terminates in a rapidly melting ice shelf and ocean conditions are believed to influence its contribution to sea level rise. Here, the authors show that variability in these ocean conditions is driven by a combination of changes in ocean circulation and local surface heat fluxes.

Understanding the ripening of core-shell nanostructures is challenging. Here, the authors use liquid cell transmission electron microscopy to show that the atomic ripening pathway for Cd-CdCl₂ core-shell nanoparticles is mediated by crack defects.

Nanoparticle catalysts can be highly active, but are susceptible to deactivation due to sintering under operational conditions. The Pt and Pd–Pt catalysts synthesized here are stable under demanding reaction conditions with temperatures as high as 1,100 °C.

Markov, Ren, Senkow and colleagues report that in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alveolar T cell interferon responses targeting structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins characterized patients who recovered, whereas responses against nonstructural proteins and activation of NF-κB were associated with poor outcomes.

Starting from zero knowledge and without human data, AlphaGo Zero was able to teach itself to play Go and to develop novel strategies that provide new insights into the oldest of games.

People can direct attention to specific moments that they anticipate will be relevant to their goals. Here, the authors show that voluntary temporal attention engages both periodic and transient modulations of visual cortical activity to improve perception at precise time points.

The electrostatic interactions in aqueous ionic media are screened by mobile charge carriers, limiting device design and operation speed. Here the built-in electric field is leveraged to dope ions into vanadium dioxide, triggering a surface insulator-to-metal transition, further enabling high-speed in-memory sensing in aqueous solutions.

The redox activity of cytochrome cin complex with its peroxidase has been rationalized by two possible models; a readily observable high-affinity complex and a more elusive but potentially more active low-affinity complex. Here, the authors provide an NMR-based structural mapping of this low-affinity complex.

Huang et al. show that 3D hydrogel embedding supports more organotypic kidney development in culture. Matrix stiffness and adhesion properties were found to regulate nephron formation, highlighting the intervention potential of physical boundary conditions.

By inducing a transformation in a manganese-rich cation-disordered rocksalt, partially ordered spinels with nanomosaic domains of 3–7 nm in size can be obtained, which exhibit high energy density and rate capability at an average particle size of 3–5 µm.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of biomolecular condensates have not been fully elucidated. Here the authors show that the LLPS propensity, dynamics, and encapsulation efficiency of designed peptide condensates can be tuned by subtle changes to the peptide composition.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

Activated B cells and T cells accumulate within joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Here, the authors use single-cell transcriptome and repertoire profiling to identify clonally expanded synovial B cells and T cells and define their phenotypes and predicted cell-cell interactions.

Using voltage imaging, the authors show that interneurons in the hippocampus sharpen memory-encoding-activity by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of pyramidal neuron sensory representations during working memory in mice.