Search

Despite the success of mRNA vaccines, improving the translational efficiency of mRNA therapeutics remains a critical challenge to their widespread clinical application. Here, the authors systematically evaluate chemical modifications to improve the translational activity and stability of uncapped mRNA and show that the 2´-F modification at the first nucleoside of the codon in the open reading frame significantly bolsters the stability of mRNA without compromising its translation.

Objective collapse theories are formulations of quantum physics that attempt to solve the measurement problem through modified dynamical laws. Here, the authors constrain such theories by testing a generalization of the Leggett-Garg inequality in a superconducting flux qubit experiment.

Recently, a sharp resonance was observed in the spectrum of a flux-qubit nitrogen-vacancy-centre hybrid quantum system that is much narrower than that of either the flux qubit or the spin ensemble. Zhu et al.investigate this resonance and find evidence of a coherently driven collective dark state.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

By using phylogenetic analyses of multiple microdissected samples from both cancer and non-cancer lesions, unique evolutionary histories of breast cancers harbouring a common driver alteration are shown, providing new insight into how breast cancer evolves.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

No reliable serum biomarker for diffuse alveolar damage, a poor prognosis subtype of drug-induced interstitial lung disease, is currently available. Here, the authors show stratifin/14-3-3σ in serum is a promising biomarker for diagnosis of this type of disease.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Through regeneration, the endometrium accumulates somatic mutations that can lead to diseases like endometriosis and cancer. Here, the authors use genomics to analyse normal endometrial glands from different patient cohorts, detect rhizome structures with common clonal ancestors and infer clonal expansion dynamics.

Auxin-inducible degron systems can be leaky and require high doses of auxin. Here the authors establish AID2 which uses an OsTIR1 mutant and the ligand 5-Ph-IAA to overcome these problems and establish AID-mediated target depletion in mice.

The authors pioneered the iPSC-derived platelet transfusion in human. Here they employ miRNA switches, identifying RALB as a determinant of immune megakaryocytes and a marker for quality control, advancing standardization of iPSC-platelet production.

A circuit that pairs a flux qubit with an LC oscillator via Josephson junctions pushes the coupling between light to matter to uncharted territory, with the potential for new applications in quantum technologies.

The vomeronasal system regulates sensing of various environmental cues. Here, the authors show that exposure to hemoglobin results in the activation of Vmn2r88+ vomeronasal sensory neurons in both male and female mice. However, exposure to hemoglobin enhances digging and rearing behaviour in lactating female mice only.

Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a matricellular protein highly expressed in inflammatory processes, including cancer. Here the authors show that bone-marrow derived monocyte-like cells are the primary source of THBS1 in colorectal cancer, associated with mesenchymal characteristics, immunosuppression and a poor prognosis.

TAK-931 is a selective CDC7 inhibitor and can induce replication stress (RS)-mediated chromosomal instability with antitumoral activity. Here the authors show that TAK-931-induced RS generates aneuploid cells with an inflammatory phenotype, rendering tumors sensitive to immune-checkpoint blockade.

Mammalian genomes are scattered with repetitive sequences, but their biology remains largely elusive. Here, the authors show that transcription can initiate from short tandem repetitive sequences, and that genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at repeats with high transcription initiation level.

An energetic eruptive filament on EK Draconis most probably launched a coronal mass ejection with a mass ten times larger than the largest solar coronal mass ejection. Studying such ejections provides insight into stellar angular momentum loss and the habitability of orbiting planets.

We found that the tensile strength and modulus of the hydrogenated styrene-b-styrene-co-butadiene-b-styrene triblock copolymers distinctly increased with increasing the degrees of hydrogenation (DHs). The enhancement of the mechanical properties is attributed to the increase in the segregation of the microphase structure by increasing the DHs owing to the increase in the incompatibility of polystyrene and hydrogenated SB block segments predicted by the solubility parameter difference.

The association between second-hand smoking exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk was analyzed using the JECS data. The relative risks in 4–7 days/week and ≥2 h/day of SHS exposures were 1.18 and 1.27, respectively. The PAFs due to SHS exposure and maternal smoking were 3.80% and 1.81%, respectively.

We obtained a flexible nano-alloy with a continuous soft, lacy SEB matrix after blending a high-styrene-content styrene-b-styrene-co-butadiene-b-styrene triblock copolymer (S-SEB-S) with a modified poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) (PPE). The simultaneous stress and birefringence measurements revealed that the orientation of the glassy domain is suppressed, and only the soft SEB segments are oriented from the lower strain region in the nano-alloy when compared with those in the S-SEB-S material. Consequently, the S-SEB-S/PPE nano-alloy is flexible despite its blending of the high-styrene-content S-SEB-S with a high-strength PPE.