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Most H₂ used in the chemical industry is derived from fossil fuels. Now it has been shown that coupling native microbial H₂ pathways with engineered alkene biosynthesis and membrane-bound Pd catalysis enables biocompatible hydrogenation of metabolic intermediates in living bacteria. This hybrid chemo-microbial platform supports the carbon-negative synthesis of industrial chemicals from waste-derived feedstocks.

Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

Here proteomic chromatome analysis shows metabolic enzymes widely localize to chromatin in cancer in a tissue-specific manner. Nuclear enzymes affect DNA damage/repair and transcription, revealing non-canonical nuclear metabolic roles in cancer.

The activation of small molecules by organometallic complexes, as far as uranium has transformed our understanding of electronic structure and bonding. Here, the authors report a transuranic Pu(III) complex and demonstrate its differences in small molecule reactivity compared to the U(III) and Sm(III) analogs.

‘Populations residing near nuclear power plants may experience low-level chronic exposure to ionizing radiation through environmental release pathways. In here the authors find higher cancer mortality rates in U.S. counties closer to operational nuclear power plants, with the strongest relative risks observed in older adults.’

Ammonium-bearing phyllosilicates are identified in Ryugu and Bennu asteroid samples. These stable phases may have transported essential volatiles across the solar system, offering a key mechanism for delivering life-essential elements to early Earth.

Oral inflammatory diseases affect nearly half of all people, yet rapid progression drivers are unclear. The study identified CD38+ endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodeling as key features of aggressive oral inflammation.

Retron-based systems for genome editing are functional across bacterial species.

PfCoronin is a stage-restricted regulator that links host-cell haemoglobin uptake to artemisinin action, showing how non-essential parasite proteins can strongly influence malaria drug response and shape the evolution of artemisinin resistance.

MicroRNAs control gene expression, but their direct RNA targets and turnover mechanisms remain difficult to study. Here, the authors present CLASHub, an integrated database and analysis platform that maps microRNA–target interactions and reveals new insights into microRNA degradation and targeting.

The fungus Candida albicans is ubiquitous and usually harmless in the human gut, but can also cause systemic infection. Here, Kakade et al. show that fungal secretion of an immunomodulatory toxin, candidalysin, activates a host IL-17-DUOX2 axis that regulates C. albicans colonization of the intestine.

This multi-cohort study finds a third of Small for Gestational Age births show dysregulated axon guidance proteins in cord blood, linked to lower birth weight and reduced later lung function. The findings are strengthened with GWAS and sheep model data.

This study used a controlled human malaria challenge study in African adults and a custom merozoite protein microarray to identify antigens associated with clinical immunity against P. falciparum malaria for further study and development.

CheckMate 650 was a multicohort phase 2 trial designed to study the safety and clinical activity of nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here the authors report the results of the randomized portion of the trial, including three different immunotherapy treatment cohorts and a current standard-of-care chemotherapy cohort (cabazitaxel).

The real space magnetic texture of kagome materials is often complex and temperature dependent. Here, the authors demonstrate spectroscopic access to a single magnetic domain in kagome metal DyMn₆Sn₆ and provide insights into the orbital magnetization.

Multimodal machine learning reveals that tumour microenvironments can be decomposed into spatially organized multicellular ecosystems, termed spatial ecotypes, that can be accessed non-invasively via liquid biopsy and used to profile individual cancers and target treatments.

Invasive fungal pathogens have become a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide. Here, authors demonstrate that nanobodies targeting the GDPmannose transporter can arrest fungal cell growth. The structures also reveal the complete transport cycle for an SLC35 nucleotide sugar transporter.

Combining methane isotope measurements with satellite data shows recent methane growth is driven by stronger human emissions, with emissions redistributed toward tropical and subtropical regions, especially China and India

How low-energy particles are pre-accelerated and injected into the diffusive shock acceleration process has long been a mystery. Here, the authors show the shock discontinuity interaction induces intense electron acceleration and may be a solution.

Polygenic risk scores vary with genetic ancestry. Here, the authors develop a framework to calibrate for genetic ancestry in these scores that leverages admixture analysis, separating out the ancestry-specific component of polygenic risk scores.

The authors performed computational and experimental analyses to reveal how Smoothened directly inhibits PKA through an intrinsically disordered region, defining a central step in Hedgehog signaling and a mechanism of G-protein-coupled receptor–kinase regulation.

Cas12a2 enables RNA-triggered, sequence-specific killing of eukaryotic cells via widespread DNA shredding, allowing selective elimination of cells on the basis of gene expression, including virus-infected or mutation-bearing cells.

NK cell differentiation is critical for immune defence but its transcriptional control remains unclear. The authors here define a GFI1–FOXO1 axis that balances EOMES/T-BET to drive NK cell maturation, proliferation and tumour control.

Lipid nanoparticle formulation requires a mixing step which can impact performance. Here, the authors report on a study into the differences different mixing techniques have showing that hand pipetting and microfluidic mixers produce different lipid nanoparticles to commercial turbulent flow mixers

In Golinski et al., antisense RNA silenced KCNT1, a high-mortality epilepsy gene, correcting overactive potassium currents and shaping neuron firing in patient-derived and fetal human neurons, indicating prenatal precision therapy may be feasible.

A pair of NLR receptors antagonistically control transition metal-enhanced immunity in Arabidopsis roots to balance the trade-off between resistance to transition metals and bacterial wilt disease.

Large numbers of studies performed over the past three decades have reported candidate blood biomarkers with seemingly high levels of diagnostic performance for stroke recognition. Here, the authors show that these results may largely be artifacts of underlying translational confounds.

The plant natural product (-)-englerin A (EA) is a potent, selective agonist of TRPC1/4/5 channels. Here, key structural determinants of EA-mediated channel activation are revealed through single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and mutagenesis studies.

Ultrasmall MOF nanocrystals grown on titania create a heterojunction that controls reactive oxygen species and enhances charge separation, enabling quantitative photocatalytic oxidation of methane to liquid oxygenates under mild conditions.

In the hippocampus, complex processing of sensory stimuli occurs even in the unconscious state.

The authors show that gene–environment interactions are widespread in COVID-19, with many regulatory variants emerging only during acute infection and largely resolving after recovery, revealing strong context-dependent genetic control of immune responses.

RNA velocity is a widely used method to predict the fate of single cells. Here the authors show that the concept can be adapted to predict the fate of individual human subjects, using RNA velocity of whole blood at a single point in time to predict future clinical outcomes and treatment responses.

Lu and colleagues present a detergent-free labeling method using modified aptamers to identify brain cell types at scale. This technique preserves cellular ultrastructure, allowing molecular information to be integrated into large-scale connectomics.

N-Nitrosamine cancer risk may be vastly underestimated due to adult-focused safety testing. Here, the authors reveal that younger mice are profoundly susceptible to NDMA-induced genotoxicity and tumorigenesis, and demonstrate that this risk is suppressed by DNA repair.

Recent work has shown that structural disorder is a key descriptor of capacitance in nanoporous carbons. Here, the authors demonstrate that low-temperature synthesis produces carbons with smaller graphene-like domains and higher ion adsorption capacity, leading to enhanced capacitance.

Long-read sequencing enables comprehensive transcriptome characterization but remains challenging to benchmark due to sequencing errors, sample variability, and the limited scope of existing evaluation strategies. This study introduces TUSCO, a benchmarking framework based on a curated set of single-isoform genes that act as an internal ground truth, enabling robust assessment of precision and sensitivity, including recovery of masked isoforms, without requiring external controls in human and mouse transcriptomes.

Glycogen serves as an intracellular energy storage polymer while some bacteria also produce structurally diverse extracellular α-glucans. Here, the authors establish the molecular basis of phosphorylation and allosteric regulation of glycogen phosphorylase by histidine phosphocarrier protein HPr.

This study explored ATP synthase as a target for PET imaging of activated and nonactivated adipose tissue using the radiotracer [¹¹C]J147, providing a potential tool to support drug development for metabolic diseases such as obesity.

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) diversity is shaped by locus positioning in 3D nuclear space. Here, the authors demonstrate that a highly transcribed VH gene drives Igh contact with nuclear speckles, boosting chromatin accessibility, facilitating V to DJ rearrangement and supporting allelic exclusion.

This study challenges the paradigm that resistance mutations precede fitness compensatory adaptations, showing that pre-existing alterations in mycobacterial oxidative stress responses can prime rapid evolution of resistance without fitness costs.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

A chemoproteomic strategy reveals how posttranslational modifications reshape protein ligandability across the human proteome, uncovering more than 400 state-dependent interactions, including phosphorylation-driven control of KRAS inhibitor activity.

Compound-mediated targeted protein degradation through the recruitment of Ub ligases is an emerging field. Here, the authors determine key structural and biochemical principles for harnessing SCF-FBXO22, allowing for the discovery of improved degraders for the neosubstrate and oncogenic target NSD2.

The anti-CRISPR protein AcrVA2 specifically interrupts Cas12a biogenesis by triggering co-translational mRNA degradation.

Most studies assessing food self-sufficiency look at calories and neglect nutrient gaps. Comparing food demand and potential food production under land and water constraints, this study quantifies 9 key nutrient gaps for each of African’s 54 countries.

By comparing newly produced RNA in the nucleus with mature RNA in the cytosol, genetic variants that control gene expression showed striking differences in localization and biological mechanisms, helping explain how they contribute to disease.