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This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

Satellite observations over the Greenland Ice Sheet reveal a destructive mode of meltwater drainage whereby a subglacial flood induced by the rapid drainage of a subglacial lake burst through the surface, fracturing the ice sheet.

Insects are crucial for ecosystem functioning but face multiple threats, including invasive alien species. Here the authors quantify impacts of invasive alien species on four insect orders, with effects varying by insect group and type of invader.

Authors perform an analysis of the patient data and risk factors to evaluate unfavorable outcomes and adverse events in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with a 4-month rifapentine based regimen. Low rifapentine exposure was the most clinically significant risk factor for treatment failure and tuberculosis relapse.

Here, in a randomized clinical trial, the authors report that an experimental young child formula containing a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and galacto-oligosaccharides enhances bone and muscle development in early life through modulation of the microbiome.

Examples of materials with non-trivial band topology in the presence of strong electron correlations are rare. Now it is shown that quantum fluctuations near a quantum phase transition can promote topological phases in a heavy-fermion compound.

Human genetic variation influences instability of DNA repeats that commonly expand as we age.

SmartEM is a ‘smart’ pipeline for electron microscopy-based data acquisition for connectomics. In order to efficiently image large datasets, the approach involves imaging at short pixel dwell times and identifying problematic regions that are then imaged with longer dwell times and therefore higher quality.

This study demonstrates that 16p11.2 hemideletion, a genetic deletion linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, affects male and female mice differently, altering specific striatal neuronal circuits and driving sex-specific behavioral changes.

Electrochemical hydrogenation drives a reversible conductor–insulator transition in graphene. Authors show that it is 10⁶× faster than other methods and tunable by isotope effects and lattice corrugations, enabling ionic control of 2D electronics.

A cross-country survey among 82,324 sexual and gender diverse people finds that family rejection, homophobic reactions, and institutional stigma and discrimination are linked with individual well-being, especially for those facing poverty.

Representative microbial isolates and patient-specific biobanks are crucial for microbiome investigation and management. Here, authors develop laser-assisted microbial culturomics, combining high-throughput, precise bioprinting on diverse media with rapid, non-invasive analyses.

The selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 is organized in a structured double helical filament in vitro, the cryo-electron tomographic images in ATG5 knockdown conditions reveal Ca-rich layers of p62 oligomers enwrapping lipid droplets in situ.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Children with dyslexia show significant differences in Visual Word Form Area size and specialization compared to typical readers, suggesting enduring neural characteristics exist even after targeted intervention increases reading ability scores.

Regional, place-based biodiversity information is used to comprehensively map and quantify biodiversity intactness of sub-Saharan Africa to inform national and global sustainability policies and planning.

Serotonin produced by neuronal and non-neuronal cells has important roles in metabolism and behavior. Here, authors show that serotonin interprets different bacterial diets to guide context-dependent behaviors in C. elegans.

Suture zones are abundant on Antarctic ice shelves and widely observed to impede fracture propagation. Here we show that fracture detainment is principally controlled by the zones’ enhanced seawater contents, reducing fracture-driving stresses by orders of magnitude and therefore greatly enhancing stability.

An extreme flare has been seen from a supermassive black hole at redshift z = 2.6. First detected in 2018, it is 30 times brighter than similar events. The most likely cause is the shredding of a star of 30 solar masses or more.

Advancements in sequencing technologies and assemblers have enabled us to generate a complete, haplotype-resolved X chromosome in cattle. This study discovers the cattle X centromere is a natural neocentromere and characterises its genetic and epigenetic structure.

A machine learning model that can solve nanocrystalline structures from highly degraded PXRD patterns is presented. It is shown to be successful on simulated crystals as small as 10 Å, and is robust to noisy patterns from real-world experiments.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Sex bias and association with smoking history identified in the landscape of driver mutations and clonal expansions in normal human bladder tissue may explain the higher bladder cancer risk in men and smokers.

Designing single molecules capable of complex sensing functions is challenging. Now, using crowdsourced RNA designs from the online game Eterna, compact single-molecule sensors have been demonstrated for a variety of tasks, including a complex three-input tuberculosis diagnostic. The development of a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm enabled automated design of similarly sophisticated nucleic-acid sensors.

Examining human brain organoids and ex vivo neonatal murine cortical slices demonstrates that structured neuronal sequences emerge independently of sensory input, highlighting the potential of brain organoids as a model for neuronal circuit assembly.

Although climate action is undermined by political interests and institutional inertia, multiple safeguards are in place to prevent backsliding on progress so far, and positive feedbacks reinforce progress despite opposing forces. Key elements of climate action are irreversible and can be further strengthened by commitments, investments and positive narratives.

Bacteriophages (the viruses that infect bacteria) play key roles in microbial communities, but the functions of most of their genes remain unknown. Here, Boulay et al. present a machine-learning classifier that uses protein language models to assign functions to bacteriophage proteins more accurately than existing approaches.

Recent work has demonstrated a continuous time crystal in an electron-nuclear spin system in the InGaAs semiconductor. Here, using periodic modulation, the authors reveal effects of synchronization, quasi-periodic, and chaotic dynamics, demonstrating universal nonlinear effects in a time-crystalline platform.

Spatial cell distribution within a tissue microenvironment is a rapidly advancing field. Here, authors assess three commercially available single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomics approaches (CosMx, MERFISH, and Xenium) to inform which technology outperforms for immune profiling of solid tumors using patient samples.

Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined and the pathophysiology unknown. Here, the authors conduct deep phenotyping of a cohort of PI-ME/CFS patients.

End-of-life nonhuman primates can be used to screen pools of lipid nanoparticles for clinical safety studies.

Helical Dirac fermion states that emerge at the surface of topological insulators support a variety of exotic physical phenomena, but they disappear when a topological insulator becomes too thin. Wang et al.show that these states are recovered when ultrathin films are interfaced together.

The authors develop a computational method to design small DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) that target specific sequences. Designed DBPs show structural accuracy and function in both bacterial and mammalian cells for transcriptional regulation.

Shock synthesis of diamond and even harder carbon polymorphs from graphite is of great interest for science and technology. Here, the authors present unprecedented in situmeasurements of the structural changes, showing ultrafast formation of diamond and, at higher pressures, evidence for a pure lonsdaleite structure.

An initial draft of the human pangenome is presented and made publicly available by the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium; the draft contains 94 de novo haplotype assemblies from 47 ancestrally diverse individuals.

Single cell transcriptomics can be used to identify genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and computational models can be used to identify gene networks. Here the authors identify networks of dysregulated genes in T2D and the biological processes involved, further demonstrating the functional context of the identified genes.

Negative data composition critically shapes machine learning robustness in sequence-based biological tasks. Training data composition and its implications are investigated on biological rule discoveries.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Harmonizing data from 2390 participants across four diverse reaching studies, this work quantifies how age, sex/gender, and everyday experience influence reaction time, movement speed, and precision—establishing a robust normative benchmark for human motor control.