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The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Photonic time crystals provide a time equivalent to standard spatial crystals. Here, authors observe wave amplification induced by the time modulation and provide experimental proof of a nontrivial temporal topology in the middle of a momentum bandgap.

Developing high-current-density catalysts is key to efficient water splitting. Here, the authors report a single-atom Ru-doped amorphous Ni–Mo oxide that dynamically self-reconstructs to retain high activity at industrial current densities in an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

The urban heat island (UHI) effect can increase and decrease mortality depending on the season, yet global comparison is still lacking. This study finds that the UHI effect has net positive impact by reducing more cold-related mortality and highlights the necessity of place-based adaptive cooling strategies.

A ductile inorganic-rich solid–electrolyte interphase that retains its structural integrity and allows easy ion diffusion enables a long cycle life under practical conditions for lithium metal batteries.

Treating myocardial reperfusion injury via nanotherapy is challenging due to clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here, the authors target the spleen to reduce acute heart injury and improve long-term cardiac function via transient IRF7 inhibition.

Agricultural intensification in China became more sustainable from 2000 to 2020 by reducing reliance on fertilizer and machinery and focusing on resource efficiency and environmental protection, based on remote sensing and landscape index analysis.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Up to 80% of the global seafloor may have been oxygenated some 1.4 billion years ago, according to molybdenum isotope of manganese- and iron-rich sedimentary rocks that reveal an expanded and prolonged global oxygenation event.

Zhu, Fu, Zhu, Li and colleagues found that the key DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promotes transcriptional restart after DNA damage through PARylating and stabilizing AFF1 by preventing its ubiquitylation by the E3 ligase Siah1.

Subduction of sediment, derived from weathered continental crust, can enrich the mantle in critical metals and volatiles. Melting of such enriched mantle produces alkaline magmas that may form major rare-earth deposits.

Embryonic stem cells for chicken and seven other avian species are derived.

Morphology control of two-dimensional metastable phase nanomaterials is a core issue for catalyst design. Here, two-dimensional metastable-phase Ni hexagonal nanosheets are synthesized via a one-pot method, exhibiting competitive catalytic performance in the electrocatalytic acetone hydrogenation.

Robotic surgery has been demonstrated to improve short-term outcomes for patients with gastric cancer who received a gastrectomy, but the long-term effects are less clear. Here, the authors report the survival outcomes of their phase 2 randomized controlled trial comparing robotic to laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with resectable gastric cancer.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Iron limitation induces the expression of IsiA in cyanobacteria, which serves as a light-harvesting antenna for PSI. Here, authors present two PSI-IsiA structures, elucidating the assembly and functional dynamics of these complexes under iron stress.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRM) are important mediators of local immunity. Here the authors show that the deficiency or inhibition of a kinase, WNK1, unlinks macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling and resulted macropinocytosis with the downstream, potentially IRF8-mediated genetic program to bias progenitor differentiation to neutrophil instead of TRM.

Using an electrolyte micro-emulsion strategy, a lithium anode and high-voltage cathode can be simultaneously stabilized by liquid–liquid interfacial tension to achieve high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries.

scTranslator is a large-scale generative model that translates single-cell transcriptomic data to proteomic data and can assess the impact of gene perturbation on protein levels.

This Review highlights how advances in materials, device architectures and integrated platforms are enabling in situ biosensing for real-time physiological monitoring, addressing the limitations of traditional ex situ approaches and supporting translational applications.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Precisely controlling structural colours in polymeric materials remains a major challenge. Here, the authors develop a colour design model, enabling inverse design of structural colours in bottlebrush block copolymers.

Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are promising excitonic materials; however, there currently lacks understanding on exciton diffusion and annihilation. Here Deng et al. employ transient absorption microscopy to disentangle quantum-well-thickness-dependent exciton transport and annihilation in these materials.

In modern agricultural breeding, parent-of-origin effects play a key role in the inheritance of genetic advantages in hybrid offspring and the formation of complex traits. Here, the authors crossed divergent pig breeds and integrate genomic, epigenomic, and chromatin architecture data to trace allele-specific expression and regulatory modifications across parental phasing.

This study describes comprehensive dynamic divergence of subgenomes in allotetraploid cotton, with an focus on cis-regulatory elements and 3D genomic architecture at 12 major tissues/developmental stages throughout the life cycle.

Rapid global expansion of photovoltaics is driving degraded module flows to emerging markets. This flow occurs amid limited regulatory oversight and recycling capacity, posing substantial environmental risks to importing regions. Mitigating these risks necessitates cross-border governance and traceable end-of-life systems.

By constructing a graph-based grapevine pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.0) and incorporating structural variations and phenotypic maps, the study investigates the genetic basis of agronomic traits, empowering grapevine genomic breeding.

Effects of reproductive systems on crop genomic variation and breeding remain unclear. Here, the authors report that reproductive types impact genomic landscapes and grapevine breeding based on comparative genomic and population genetic analyses of wild grapevine and a complex pedigree of Pinot Noir.

The use of Raman spectroscopy in biochemical applications has been hindered by several limitations. Here, the authors present a fiber-array Raman engine, termed FIRE. This tool features a dynamic single-channel photon-counting detector and is used for full Raman spectral imaging in biological samples and whole organisms.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure is limited by bulky connecting systems and poor interfacial contact. Here, Li et al. report a wearable thin, soft, miniaturized system that integrates sensing, active pressure adaptation, and signal processing for improved performance and accuracy.

The thyroid plays an important role in pregnancy and body temperature maintenance, and both ambient temperature and thyrotropin levels have been reported to associate with risk of preterm birth. Here the authors report that in a nationwide cohort from China biothermal stress during each trimester was associated with increased risks of preterm birth, with synergistic interactions with preconceptional thyrotropin abnormalities.

A functional screening platform selects switchable aptamer beacons that undergo conformational changes and emit detectable signals when encountering target molecules.

Early-stage liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) makes radical surgery not efficacious. Here, the authors show that MLKL-driven necroptosis contributes to PDAC early-stage metastasis by inducing tumour CD47 upregulation and macrophage extracellular traps formation.

The synthesis of Ag⁺/Mo⁴⁺/Ln³⁺ co-doped double perovskite has yielded exceptional optical properties, including broadband excitation and highly efficient NIR luminescence. These advances demonstrate promise for versatile photoelectric applications and provide critical insights into optimizing lanthanide absorption by two-step enhancement strategy.

The insertion of thin layers of cobalt can stabilize β-tungsten under back-end-of-line thermal constraints, allowing a 64-kb spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory to be fabricated that offers a spin–orbit torque switching of 1 ns, data retention of more than 10 years and a tunnelling magnetoresistance of 146%.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.