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Turning mixed plastic waste into useful products is a major challenge for a circular economy. This study uses a microwave-driven iron-nickel catalyst to convert even halogenated plastic mixtures into hydrogen and carbon nanotubes with high yield and stability.

Bioelectric stimulation needs compact implantable power sources. Here, the authors develop a mechanochemically activated CNT/PVA micro-supercapacitor enabling high energy density and sustained intestinal stimulation, promoting internal wound repair

Skin lesions are common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, the authors present a spatial transcriptomic atlas of lesional skin from patients with lupus and identify an acute inflammatory signature in SLE, contrasting with chronic damage in tertiary lymphoid structures in discoid lupus.

This study examines severe lattice distortions in concentrated solid solutions, enabling an energy landscape that immobilizes vacancies and interstitials which curbs their harmful evolution under irradiation conditions.

It is useful to be able to determine the changes a material has undergone, but this is challenging in synthetic systems. Here, the authors report the development of a hydrogel materials conditioned by swelling, allowing determination of exposure to heat and salt by nucleation changes.

Photo-cross-linking is widely used in protein science, but site-specific identification remains elusive. Here, the authors show that alkyl diazirine cross-links are inherently MS-cleavable and develop an analytical framework that integrates seamlessly with existing search platforms.

Nonreciprocal magneto-transport is often attributed to Zeeman-driven mechanisms. Here, the authors identify Lorentz skew scattering nonreciprocal magneto-transport in BiTeBr which emerges from the cooperation of classical Lorentz force and quantum skew scattering.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

Acute severe ulcerative colitis lacks effective therapies. Here, the authors show that PIAS1-mediated SUMO1 modification of RIPK1 drives necroptosis via phase separation and develops a synergistic therapy of necroptosis blockade and organoid transplantation.

Autophagy and heat shock proteins both play roles in plant defense against viruses. Here the authors show that two HSPs oppositely modulate APV1 CP-ATG8f1 binding, triggering autophagic degradation of CP, thereby restricting viral infection.

Chronic stress has been reported to have a role in tumour progression via activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Here, the authors develop a biomimetic nanovesicle for tumour microenvironment specific delivery of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, to enhance pancreatic cancer chemotherapy by disrupting sympathetic nerve-tumour crosstalk under chronic stress exposure

Researchers develop a light-switchable CRISPR platform using upconversion nanoparticles to enable RNA manipulation in deep tissues. Near-infrared activation triggers precise, localised RNA knockdown or editing, offering a versatile approach for diseases requiring targeted RNA modulation.

This study highlights a strategy to additively manufacture lightweight, strong, and ductile heat-resistant aluminum alloys. The partial solid-state amorphization of the nanoprecipitates during high-temperature tension offers an additional toughening mechanism.

Optical neural networks (ONNs) are limited by unitary transformations and cumulative loss. Here, authors integrate programmable gain into time-synthetic ONNs to suppress feedback paths, which enables arbitrary complex-valued transformations and stable loss compensation for image classification.

Enhancer RNAs and other noncoding RNAs are difficult to monitor in living cells. Here, the authors develop REDDIT, a sensitive reporter for tracking transcription of coding and noncoding RNAs, and use it to identify pathways regulating a lncRNA and an enhancer RNA in stem cells.

In this work, authors show that HTLV-1 subverts the typical antiviral role of the innate immune effector protein IRF7; instead of triggering an IFN-I response, the virus uses IRF7 to promote the growth of infected cells by establishing an oncogenic IRF7-STAT5B axis via HBZ protein.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular diversity, yet existing models often lack regulatory awareness and scalability. Here, the authors develop RegFormer, a GRN-informed foundation model that improves single-cell analysis, genetic perturbation modelling, and drug response prediction.

The prokaryotic Argonaute protein MbpAgo uses DNA guides to cleave RNA. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures showing that RNA binding drives a monomer–dimer transition enabling this activity, providing a basis for engineering Ago proteins.

Peptide asparaginyl ligases (PALs) are powerful protein engineering tools but remain rare. Here, authors mine natural diversity in Viola to discover 29 new PALs, reveal pH-dependent mechanism, and define transferable expression-increasing principles.

The lack of hormone-responsive follicles is a major challenge in treating infertility related to premature ovarian insufficiency and diminished ovarian reserve. Here, the authors show that intraovarian securinine injection promotes small follicle development in aged mice and cynomolgus macaques by modulating stromal–granulosa signaling.

Kinetic resolution is a privileged strategy in enantioselective synthesis, yet its extension to radical chemistry has remained challenging. Here, the authors report the kinetic resolution in Minisci radical additions, affording enantioenriched products and recovered starting materials under chiral Brønsted acid catalysis.

Achieving high-density single-neuron recordings in humans is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a flexible implantable neural electrode array that enables reliable single-unit recordings in human patients during surgery

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression, but predicting RBP–RNA interactions across species is challenging. Here, the authors introduce MuSIC, a deep learning framework leveraging label smoothing and evolutionary conservation across 11 species to predict cross-species RBP–RNA interactions.

A new metasurface design method achieves ultra-dispersive metalenses with phase variations exceeding 1200π—a more than 30-fold enhancement over existing approaches—enabling miniature chromatic confocal sensors with 13 mm range and 50 nm resolution.

Prenylated phytochemicals like glabridin are valuable therapeutics and cosmetics, yet their scarcity and synthesis hinder industrial supply. Here the authors design an artificial biosynthetic route to glabridin and equol using a modular “block-building” workflow.

Cell fate decisions during early embryonic development require precise regulatory control. Here, the authors show that m6A RNA modification regulates primitive endoderm differentiation by modulating the stability of key transcripts during the second cell fate decision in mouse embryos.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition, but its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that PDK4 contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting metabolic reprogramming in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to activation of NLRP3.

Liang Guang et al revealed that cardiac CDK9 is activated in hypertrophic myocardium and directly binds to NF-κB P65, promoting its phosphorylation to drive inflammation and remodeling. This finding identifies CDK9 as a potential therapeutic target for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Authors reveal symmetry-protected topological phonons and strong phonon interactions in the thermoelectric Mg₃Bi_2-xSb_x family, explaining its low thermal conductivity and offering a strategy to engineer heat flow in thermoelectric materials.

Authors created a new evaluation framework called GPBench that compares large language models (LLMs) against general practitioners. They found that current LLMs are not suitable for autonomous deployment and still require human oversight.

Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

The substantial overlap in symptoms and pathology between musculoskeletal disorders suggests the need to investigate their shared genetic mechanisms. Here the authors use multivariate genetic modelling to identify three distinct pathological factors across these diseases, providing insights into co-prevention and co-management strategies.

Carbon and nitrogen uptake should be coordinated to maintain metabolic balance in cyanobacteria. Here, authors reveal how the bicarbonate importer CmpABCD is activated by intracellular nitrate, uncovering a structural mechanism that directly links carbon uptake to nitrogen availability.

Integrating optical properties and conical structural design constructs a radiative cooling textile with self-sustaining spectral selectivity, enabling efficient directional sweat transport that mitigates sweat’s impact on its spectral performance.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a regulatory element involved in genomic stability and gene regulation. This study identifies widespread eccDNA in early mammalian embryos. These eccDNAs arise from active genomic regions, increase during a major wave of gene activation, and can regulate key developmental genes.

Tight regulation of thymic T cell development is critical for immune homeostasis and leukemia prevention. Here, the authors identify USP10 as a MYC-induced deubiquitinase stabilizing SOX4 in early T cell development and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression, while USP10 inhibition delays leukemogenesis in mice.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Zhao and colleagues show that CD300ld, upregulated in pathologically activated neutrophils, mediates contact-dependent suppression of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells by binding to phosphatidylserine, inhibiting antitumor immune responses.

A meta-analysis of ~3,000 empirical observations shows that systemic shifts in manure management and technology integration can reduce reactive nitrogen and carbon dioxide emissions from global livestock systems under various mitigation scenarios.

This study explores climate-fuel-fire interactions across Eurasian drylands and shows that fast-spreading fires in Steppe are fuel-limited, while prolonged fires in high-latitude regions are controlled by climate-induced fluctuations in fuel flammability.

Current strategies for regulating enzyme activity are often enzyme-specific. Here, the authors report a spintronic approach that uses chiral gold nanohelices as electron spin polarizers to enantiospecifically modulate cyclooxygenase-2 activity for rheumatoid arthritis intervention, and explore electron spin polarization as an orthogonal mechanism for enzymatic regulation.

Huang, Lu et al. develops a triaxial benchmark (TCM-3CEval) to evaluate large language models in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The findings show that models trained with Chinese cultural and linguistic knowledge outperform others, yet all exhibit critical gaps in specialized TCM subdomains.

The community of microbes living in our gut plays a crucial role in our health. Here, authors develop a simple chemical sensor array that can rapidly identify different gut bacteria and distinguish between stages of colorectal cancer, offering a promising approach for disease diagnostics.

IgG bivalency enhances neutralization against enveloped viruses, but its on-virion structural details remain unclear. Here, authors use cryo-ET to reveal that two anti-RBD IgGs, P17 and S309, form diverse S-IgG bivalent binding modes, distinct higher-order assemblies, and inter-virion cross-linking on SARS-CoV-2 S protein.