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Global land cover conversions increased carbon uptake during 1982 to 2019, with newly established forests in the Northern Hemisphere driving gains that counterbalanced emissions from tropical deforestation.

Heterochromatin loss has been linked to aging and neurodegeneration. Here, the authors show that combined loss of HP1β and HP1γ in neurons results in de-repressesion of endogenous retroviruses, inflammation in glia including accumulation of complement C3, dendritic loss, and cognitive decline in mice.

Studying carrier multiplication in materials is important to understand their transport properties and interaction with light. Hiroriet al. show that intense terahertz pulses can generate electron-hole pairs in GaAs quantum wells that then emit infrared light, contrary to the effect with a DC field.

Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in the arterial wall is a critical step in atherosclerosis. Here, the authors show that downregulation of Zeb1 in macrophages promotes lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque formation while its restoration with macrophage-targeted nanoparticles reverses these effects.

Bunyaviruses are a large group of viruses that infect a wide range of organisms, including insects, animals, plants, and single-celled organisms. Here, Terhzaz et al show that the non-structural protein NSm is required for cell-to-cell spread and egress in the mosquito midgut.

Effects of reproductive systems on crop genomic variation and breeding remain unclear. Here, the authors report that reproductive types impact genomic landscapes and grapevine breeding based on comparative genomic and population genetic analyses of wild grapevine and a complex pedigree of Pinot Noir.

Detailed mapping of the distribution of water and semiheavy water in the coma of Halley-type comet 12P implies a D/H ratio that is consistent with that of Earth’s water, indicating a common heritage.

The use of organic photoactive materials in direct solar water-splitting devices has been limited by recombination losses and their instability in aqueous media. Daboczi et al. report that stable and efficient devices based on organic photoactive layers can be achieved through the application of catalyst-functionalized protective graphite sheets.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Differentially methylated CpGs can inform on disease mechanisms and be useful as biomarkers. Here, the authors perform GWAS for DNA methylation in whole blood, cis- and trans-meQTL mapping, followed by Mendelian randomization analysis that links meQTLs with cardiovascular diseases.

Parity-breaking antisymmetric spin exchange interaction is reported in clusters of five qubits within superconducting circuits. This allows the creation of chiral spin dynamics, with potential for future quantum simulations of chiral molecules.

The authors report the use of homo-bi-functional photo-activatable cross-linkers for protein structural studies by cross-linking mass spectrometry. They theoretically cross-link any-to-any amino acid and serve as complementary tools to current cross-linkers.

Ring-expanding carbon-atom insertion reactions are currently limited to the installation of few functional groups. Now researchers show the use of a radical carbyne precursor for the insertion of carbon atoms bearing varied functional groups to access 2-substituted naphthalenes from indene.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Remdesivir is an approved antiviral treatment for COVID-19, but it needs to be administered intravenously. Here, Cox et al. show that GS-621763, a prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside GS-441524 has good oral bioavailability and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concerns in ferrets.

There is lack of therapies targeting the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS). Here, the authors identify and characterise an inhibitor with highest inhibition of histone lysine demethylase 3B that suppresses PAX3-FOXO1 activity in FP-RMS.

An analysis based on data from the Global Dietary Database shows mean animal-sourced food intakes among children and adolescents increased modestly from 1990 to two portions per day in 2018, but remain low in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Bangladesh.

An activator of DNA polymerase γ restores function to disease-causing mutant variants and demonstrates a potential route to treatments for inherited mitochondrial disorders involving POLG mutations.

The rates of acid-catalysed reactions vary in constrained environments. Here the authors show that molecularly sized pores greatly promote aqueous phase alcohol dehydration by enhancing the association between substrate and hydronium ions, and even by lowering the free energy barrier.

Muscle regeneration requires the contribution and communication of various different cell types. Here, Nawaz et al. show that CD206+ macrophages inhibit the secretion of the promyogenic factor follistatin by fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, impeding myogenesis and muscle regeneration.

Whole-genome sequencing of lung cancer in never smokers identifies different copy number subtypes and shows a lack of tobacco smoking signatures, even in cases exposed to secondhand smoke.

Benzodiazepines, used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders, may cause cognitive impairment. Shi et al. demonstrate that this is caused by interaction with the mitochondrial protein TSPO, which drives microglia to excessively remove synapses.

Iron-based superconductors are promising for its use in building superconducting magnets; however, their high-field critical current density needs to be improved. Miura et al. show that this can be achieved with a one-step growth process that uniformly incorporates BaZrO₃ nanoparticles into BaFe₂As₂films.

Global catastrophes such as nuclear war can generate soot that reduces the amount of light reaching the earth’s surface. Here the authors model how this kind of catastrophe would impact common crop growth, recommending increased crop diversity for agricultural resilience.

Park et al. show that in the process of metastasis, dying tumor cells enhance the outgrowth of their surviving counterparts via nuclear expulsion, resulting in an extracellular DNA–protein complex that activates RAGE receptors on tumor cells.

The authors report an Initial Upper Palaeolithic archaeological assemblage from China dating to 45,000 years ago that includes blade technology, tanged and hafted projectile points, long-distance obsidian transfer and the use of a perforated graphite disc.

An outstanding question regarding cuprate superconductors is how the Fermi liquid behaviour of their normal state breaks down. Chang et al. conduct a systematic ARPES study of how the Fermi liquid quasiparticle excitations break down in momentum space, and find it to be highly anisotropic in La_2−xSr_xCuO₄.

During the antigen-dependent phase of B cell development, clones expressing high-affinity B cell receptors are transferred from light zones to dark zones of germinal centers, while transforming their energy metabolism. Here authors show that in the light zones, the hypoxic microenvironment promotes growth arrest and apoptosis in B cells, while miR-155 protects the high-affinity clones via inducing a switch in energy utilization.

Spinal interneurons (IN) coordinate motoneuron activity to modulate locomotion behavior. Here, the authors characterize a subset of IN subtypes expressing the Maf transcription factor Traffic Jam (TJ) and report the distinct effects of their activation on body posture and locomotion in Drosophila larvae.

Dendritic cell-based therapies have been exploited as immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Here the authors report a platform integrating antigen-capturing nanoparticles and type 1 conventional dendritic cells for in situ cancer immunization, promoting anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models.

Back-to-back studies present evidence that feimin, a myokine, regulates glucose homeostasis and exercise performance. The secretory and intracellular roles of feimin provide insights into potential therapies for metabolic disease as well as for improving exercise performance.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of tau filaments from progressive supranuclear palsy and other tauopathies reveal new filament conformations, and suggest that tauopathies can be classified on several different levels according to their filament folds.

Acquired miR-142 deficit in leukemic stem cells has been associated with chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis. Here the authors show that acquired miR-142 deficit in T cells further enables leukemic stem cells to escape immune surveillance and supports disease growth.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

In all experimentally observed Weyl semimetals so far, the Weyl points always appear in pairs in the momentum space. Here, the authors report one unpaired Weyl point without surface Fermi arc emerging at the center of the Brillouin zone, which is surrounded by charged Weyl nodal walls in PtGa.

Domestication of crops has boosted food production but increased dependence on fertilizers and pesticides. This study shows that wild rice harbors a higher abundance of nitrogen-fixing genes in the rhizosphere, while domesticated rice has more genes associated with nitrous oxide production.