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Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.

This Review explores how individual-level and neighbourhood-level social factors, including income, education, health-care access and neighbourhood deprivation, contribute to disparities in cognitive and neurobehavioural outcomes in people with epilepsy. The authors propose a new framework that integrates biological and social factors to better explain the heterogeneity of these outcomes.

Three-dimensional chiral magnetic tubes created via two-photon lithography and nickel film deposition exhibit chiral spin textures and non-reciprocal magnon transport.

Petroni et al. report that the infiltration of IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment coupled with the accumulation of immunosuppressive macrophages is associated with resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibition in HR⁺HER2⁻ breast cancer.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

Creating shape morphing structures with stiff and tough time-responsive materials is a challenge for 4D printing. Here, the authors address this challenge showing a multi-material printing method that combines a stiff synthetic muscle with a stretchable adhesive to form actuators that can generate large specific force and detect and tolerate damage.

Skin prick testing for allergy diagnosis is limited by variability due to differences in test setting and operator expertise. Here, the authors develop and validate an AI-assisted readout method for reading allergy skin test results, and find that integrating AI enhances standardization throughout the skin prick testing process.

Xenotransplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney with a thymic autograft into a brain-dead human for 61 days with immunosuppression resulted in stable kidney function without proteinuria, and xenograft rejection was treated and reversed by the end of the study.

In an updated report on 70 laboratory-confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 cases in the USA between March 2024 and May 2025, the absence of human-to-human transmission to date was confirmed, with no known mutations of resistance to neuroaminidase inhibitors.

Trotter product formulas are a standard way to approximate time dynamics of quantum systems. Here, the authors propose an improved version of Trotter-based time-dynamics simulation algorithms that is well suited for Hamiltonians with two distinct energy scales.

Together with a companion paper, molecular details of immune responses in a pig-to-human xenotransplantation are identified through dense longitudinal multi-omics profiling of the xenograft and the host recipient, across the 61-day procedure.

Studies of quantum oscillations provide a valuable probe into the electronic structure of topological semimetals. Matusiaket al. demonstrate that quantum features in ZrSiS can be probed with greater sensitivity using diffusive thermopower than magnetization and electrical resistivity approaches.

While the connectivity of VTA dopamine neurons is well studied, less is known about the connectivity of VTA glutamate and GABA neurons. Here, authors show that these neurons form local circuits to modulate reward, aversion, feeding and locomotion.

This genome-wide association study identifies CELL DIVISION CYCLE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 7 (CDCA7) as a regulator of DNA methylation in natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations. CDCA7 binds the chromatin remodeller DDM1 and modulates the control of CG methylation.

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Here the authors identify a recurrent activating mTOR mutation in expanded donor T-cell clones of 3 cGvHD patients, which suggests somatic mutations may contribute to GvHD pathogenesis and opens avenues to targeted therapies.

In a phase 1 trial, intramuscular injection of synthetic plasmid DNA encoding monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was safe and well tolerated and did not elicit antidrug antibodies.

Nonselective engagement of GPCR signaling pathways by GPCR-targeting drugs can reduce treatment efficacy and cause side effects. The authors show that signaling selectivity in CB2R can be tuned by reshaping allosteric networks, offering insights for more precise therapies.

Glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains a significant clinical problem. Here, the authors find that GCs disrupt skeletal stem cell–endothelial crosstalk via Basigin that can be targeted as a potential therapy for GIOP.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

Silica biomorphs have similar structural features found in natural biominerals, but consist of inorganic components that self-assemble spontaneously. Here the authors show that pH oscillates in the local environment during the growth of self-organized silica-carbonates nanostructures.

Data from 1,279 time series across 29 taxonomic classes analysed with a Bayesian phylogenetic model shows that species phenology has advanced by 3.1 days per decade on average, with the timing of events varying by phylogeny but no evidence of differences in phenological shifts by trophic level.

Dissolved organic matter, the main form of aquatic organic carbon, supports the aquatic food web and regulates light penetration in lakes. This study probes the main influences on the optical properties of dissolved organic matter in a global dataset of alpine and remote lakes revealing latitudinal trends.

Thin film organic solid-state lasers are low-cost flexible devices which require efficient, stable, colour-tunable, solution-processable materials. Here, the authors show that oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s simultaneously possess all such properties, as demonstrated by their use in laser devices.

Single-cell comparison of developing bat and mouse limbs reveals conservation of cell populations and gene expression patterns, and suggests repurposing of genes involved in proximal limb development for wing evolution.

A systematic analysis of 115 mammalian genomes, including 10 new bat genomes, reveals prevalent positive selection in immune genes in bats and shows key adaptations in the antiviral gene ISG15 that aid disease resistance in bats, including to coronaviruses.

Little is known about the long-term dynamics of mesopelagic fish despite their large contribution to total fish biomass. Here, the authors analyze the Santa Barbara Basin otolith record and suggest that mesopelagic fish populations were large but fluctuated with surface climate over the last ~2000 years.

A light-scattering method implemented by using fibre-optic technology that can be directly incorporated into standard vascular-access devices allows for real-time monitoring of blood coagulability in the operating room.