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Direct spectroscopic evidence shows that amorphous ice crystallization produces a transient excess of dangling OH bonds, revealing a nonequilibrium surface state that may enhance chemical reactivity in planetary and interstellar ices.

RNovA is an open-search de novo peptide sequencing model.

Yuvraj Maphrio Mao and colleagues evaluated 3D-printed microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with fiber electrodes for underwater energy harvesting at different depths in lake water and artificial seawater under stagnant and aerated conditions. Results highlight the influence of oxygen transfer, depth, and hydrodynamic conditions on MFC efficiency, demonstrating reliable operation for self-powered underwater sensing systems

This study reports a post-assembly, reversible crosslinking strategy that enhances lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated mRNA delivery while preserving efficient intracellular release. The resulting crosslinked LNPs enable improved endosomal escape, sustained in vivo expression and robust immune and antitumor responses across multiple clinically relevant LNP platforms.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subtype which, unlike cutaneous melanoma, shows limited response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the authors report the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and lenvatinib (multi tyrosine kinase inhibition) in patients with resectable mucosal melanoma, along with exploratory biomarker analysis.

Dielectric elastomers are responsive polymer promising for artificial muscles, though stability is a challenge. Here the authors design a bimodal zwitterionic elastomer to overcome electro-mechanical instability and imparts self-healing properties.

Peters anomaly type II arises from failed lens vesicle separation. Here, the authors show that ABL kinases counterbalance FGF–RAS signaling via a PTPN12–p130CAS pathway to regulate cytoskeletal tension, ensuring proper lens detachment during development.

The role of the tRNAome in virus-host interaction is poorly understood. Here, the authors report a dual role of the host tRNAome showing that it is remodeled by IFN-α to regulate antiviral defenses, yet can be exploited by hepatitis viruses to benefit infection, particularly when host antiviral responses are not induced.

Photo-cross-linking is widely used in protein science, but site-specific identification remains elusive. Here, the authors show that alkyl diazirine cross-links are inherently MS-cleavable and develop an analytical framework that integrates seamlessly with existing search platforms.

Accurately perceiving object softness remains challenging for tactile sensors. Here, the authors present a tactile sensor that quantitatively and accurately detects both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio.

Synthetic cells with tardigrade protein CAHS12 mimic desiccation survival by stabilizing membranes. This study uncovers how CAHS12 preserves cell structure and suggests new applications in biomanufacturing and adaptive biointerfaces.

Mao et al., evaluate whether combining host immune biomarkers, including adenosine deaminase, interferon gamma, and interleukin six, improves diagnosis of paucibacillary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Using these combined biomarkers together increases accuracy and supports both confirmation and screening.

Spontaneous cellular organization is essential for organ development. Here, the authors show that during eye development, Wnt signaling induces a cadherin switch that segregates progenitor cells, excluding Wnt-deficient cells from the ciliary margin and enabling proper ciliary body and iris formation.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

The neuroanatomical basis of auricular vagus nerve stimulation-induced analgesia remains unclear. Here, the authors identify an auricle-to-brain axis from the auricular concha to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, which engages the descending antinociceptive pathway.

Zhang et al. report a multifunctional molecule to control the growth of quasi-2D perovskite nanocrystals, reducing defects and ion migration. This enables pure-red LEDs with an efficiency of 30.2%, operational stability of 8426 min, and 12.25 cm² devices maintaining above 20% efficiencies.

Accurate single nucleotide variations (SNVs) detection is clinically vital, yet existing techniques can only detect SNVs at specific loci. Here, Mao et al present a new generalized CRISPR/Cas-based strategy, termed PRICE, to identify SNVs in miRNA sequences without sacrificing the sensitivity.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

The substrate surface engineering approach prevents the formation of twin structures, while the elimination of twins greatly enhances carrier mobility and suppresses bipolar conduction, leading to optimized power factor in twin-free Bi₂Te₃ films.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

Seawater-based electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation offers a sustainable route to produce alkenols but is hindered by inefficient catalysts. Here, the authors report a dual-site Nd–Gd metallene catalyst that enables co‑production of alkenols and magnesium hydroxide directly from natural seawater.

Hydrous magnesium silicates are key mantle water reservoirs. Here, the authors show a hydrogen site transfer in wadsleyite reduces conductivity, indicating higher transition zone water storage, and discover a double superionic state.

Alternative transcription start sites generate transcript diversity but are difficult to detect due to RNA degradation in 5’ scRNA-seq. Here, the authors present scATS, which corrects degradation to quantify TSS usage, improve cell clustering, and identify lung cancer-promoting TSS isoforms.

This study establishes the link between epithelial zinc transporter SLC39A1 and acute lung injury. The authors uncover a protective mechanism in lung epithelium mediated by the SLC39A1-zinc-autophagy axis and highlight SLC39A1 as a potential therapeutic target.

Scaling interpretable tree-based AI on analog content addressable memory is hindered by its inherent soft decision boundary and device variations. Wen et al. harness these probabilistic boundaries in a robust MoS₂ array, achieving 96% recognition accuracy on the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer dataset.

Arrestins are crucial for regulating GPCR cellular signaling. Here, authors present structures of βarrestin-1 bound to the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R), offering a paradigm for arrestin coupling to class B1 GPCRs.

Nutrient deficiencies are widespread, but blood tests are often inconvenient. Here, the authors develop a wearable electrochemical platform for noninvasive, real-time detection of multiple low-concentration vitamins in sweat and validate its performance in human studies.

Current thermal wax refining methods are energy intensive. Here, the authors report a photothermal process using a nanoscale zero-valent iron catalyst and sunlight to refine low-grade waxes into high-grade waxes with narrow distributions.

Seismic data from NASA’s InSight mission reveal partially molten zones in Mars’s upper mantle beneath Elysium Planitia, suggesting that a hot, active mantle plume is sustaining recent volcanism and seismic activity on Mars.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been evaluated for the treatment of numerous autoimmune conditions. This study reports the outcomes of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

UK BioCoin is a framework that efficiently generates customized GWAS results without individual data. It is validated through various applications as a promising privacy-preserving paradigm for large-scale biobank studies.

This study reports selective CO₂ reduction to ethanol in pure water under natural sunlight using a carefully designed Cuδ⁺O/boron nitride flower heterostructured photocatalyst.

While virtual reality is a common research tool, the extent to which its neural findings translate to real-world navigation remains unclear. This study suggests that neural representations of space and task diverge significantly between the two environments.

Pseudogap states have previously been identified in moire systems. Here, the authors observe gate-tunable spontaneous symmetry breaking and shifting behavior of the pseudogap state in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy.

This study highlights a strategy to additively manufacture lightweight, strong, and ductile heat-resistant aluminum alloys. The partial solid-state amorphization of the nanoprecipitates during high-temperature tension offers an additional toughening mechanism.

A screen for compounds that promote ES cell differentiation into pancreatic β cells identified a VMAT2- and monoamine-dependent suppression mechanism of pancreatic β-cell differentiation. VMAT2 inhibitors potentiated differentiation from Pdx1-positive pancreatic progenitor cells into Ngn3-positive endocrine precursors, and then into β cells with increased insulin production.