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Radiation reaction (RR) on particles in strong fields is the subject of intense experimental research, but previous efforts lacked statistical significance due to the extreme regimes required. Here, the authors report a 5σ observation of RR and obtain strong, quantitative evidence favouring quantum models over classical, using an all-optical setup where electrons are accelerated by a laser in a gas jet before colliding with a second, intense pulse.

This study uses data-driven modelling to predict a 24–91% increase in methane emissions from global lakes and reservoirs by 2080–2099 under various climate scenarios. Temperature and seasonality changes are key drivers, highlighting the need for climate action.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

Unlike the other iron-based superconductors, the parent compounds of the alkaline iron selenide superconductors are insulators. Dai and colleagues examine the spin-wave excitations in these materials and uncover evidence for a common magnetic origin for all iron-based superconductors.

The authors demonstrate nano-engineered thin film thermoelectric materials are attractive for practical solid-state refrigeration with semiconductor manufacturing and ultra-low 0.003-cc materials usage.

An operational satellite-based monitoring system using NASA/USGS and ESA imagery enables rapid tracking of global land change, with the area of conversion due to direct human action and fire equaling the size of California in 2023.

The Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network established the UC-GENOME study in order to create a biobank and data repository for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Here, the authors present the first characterization and analysis of DNA and RNA sequencing data from the 218 patients included in the UC-GENOME.

A quantitative high-throughput screen identified an inhibitor of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a key enzyme for serine synthesis. This inhibitor limits one-carbon unit availability for nucleotide synthesis.

Dynamic systems show promise for physical neural networks, but gradient based optimization requires mathematical models. Here, the authors present a data-driven framework for optimizing networks of arbitrary dynamic systems which is robust to noise, and enables tasks such as neuroprosthetic control.

Here, the authors develop pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids by mimicking in vivo proximal differentiation, providing a model to study nephron development, injury responses, and a platform for therapeutic discovery.

Integration of snATAC-seq and snRNA-seq data from brains of individuals with major depressive disorder identifies chromatin accessibility alterations and functional enrichment of risk variants in deep-layer excitatory neurons. Gray matter microglia in these individuals show decreased accessibility at sites bound by regulators of immune homeostasis.

Whether anionic phospholipids required for respiratory supercomplex (SC) formation is unclear. Here authors resolve SCs from a wild type and cardiolipin-deficient yeast strain at 3.2- 3.3 Å resolution to show that cardiolipin can be replaced by phosphatidylglycerol.

Here the authors analyze de novo mutations in >10,000 parent-offspring trios and find that ancestry and smoking independently associate with mutation rate, but that common genetic variants likely contribute little to mutation rate variation.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

By recording large populations of neurons in behaving monkeys using newly developed silicon probes, we show that intermittent periods of memorandum-specific spiking coexist with synaptic mechanisms to support working memory. 

A single dose of an adeno-associated virus vector encoding an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody given shortly after birth results in persistent antibody expression and protection from infection in rhesus macaque models of human HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding and sexual intercourse.

Dynein is a microtubule motor the motility of which is affected by the microtubule-associated protein She1. Here, the authors show that She1 alters dynein stepping behavior and increases its microtubule affinity through simultaneous interactions with the microtubule and dynein microtubule binding domain.

The South Pacific Convergence Zone is the largest rainband in the Southern Hemisphere, and its response to global warming is still undetermined. In this study a hierarchy of climate models show that the uncertainty in rainfall projections in the South Pacific Convergence Zone is the result of two competing mechanisms.

People use knowledge of social network structure—that is, popularity and distance—to strategically spread gossip. To achieve this, they draw on internal models that capture the cascading dynamics of information flow across ties in a network.

The global ecological predictors of soil priming remain unclear. Here the authors conducted a global survey of soils from 86 global locations using an isotopic approach and find that in more mesic sites with high SOC concentrations, soil priming effects are more likely to be negative.

Metabolic rewiring during tachycardia promotes tissue hypoxia, elevated glucose utilization and the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, driving contractile dysfunction.

Langerhans cells (LC) can prime tolerogenic as well as immunogenic responses in the skin. Here the authors show, by transcriptomic, epigenetic and CRISPR editing analyses, that during LC migration and maturation the transcription factor IRF4 regulates expression of antigen presentation and co-stimulatory gene modules while attenuating inflammatory response genes.

Single particle cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of marine podovirus particles, together with cryo-electron tomography studies during the host infection process, have revealed structural features that suggest a mechanism whereby, upon binding to the Prochlorococcus host cell, the tail fibers induce a cascade of structural alterations of the portal vertex complex that triggers release of its genome.

The representation of space in mouse visual cortex was considered to be relatively uniform. The authors show that mice have improved visual resolution in a cortical region representing a location in space directly in front and slightly above them, showing that the representation of space in mouse visual cortex is non-uniform.

Conventional crystallography focuses on structurally-ordered systems, where interesting physics or novel material functions emerge. Here, Overy et al. propose an approach of designing functional materials with strongly correlated disorder, which can couple with phonons to affect lattice dynamics.

Pneumococci can alternate between harmless and highly virulent forms. Here the authors show that such variation may be due to random rearrangements in a genetic locus encoding a restriction-modification system, resulting in epigenetic changes that affect expression of many genes.

Analysis of the genomes of 50 species of Lemuriformes shows high levels of genomic diversity, likely due to allele sharing, as well as population declines and inbreeding patterns resulting from ecological factors and human impacts in Madagascar.

Sensory hair cells develop an asymmetric architecture to restrict stimulus detection to a single axis. Here the authors identify GPR156 as directing a 180-degree reversal in hair cell orientation through Gαi, downstream of EMX2 in the mouse inner ear and zebrafish lateral line.

Discovery of macrocyclic ligands to the 19S regulatory particle protein PSMD2 enables the synthesis of heterobifunctional molecules that demonstrate proof-of-concept, targeted degradation of BRD4 through direct engagement of the 26S proteasome.

Pandemic cholera was reintroduced to Argentina in 1992, leading to epidemic spread. Here, the authors use whole genome sequencing to show how, over 6 years, epidemic cholera was caused by invariant 7PET lineage Vibrio cholerae, against a background of sporadic disease caused by diverse local strains.

The precise mechanisms that cause human obesity remain unknown. Here the authors illustrate how increased expression of Cadm1, a mediator of synapse assembly, is relevant to weight gain. Reduction of Cadm1 in multiple brain regions promoted weight loss, and these observations provide insight into the neuronal pathways contributing to obesity.

Formalin fixation is commonly used in tissue storage; however, this process has traditionally limited downstream whole genome sequencing usage. Here, the authors identify artefactual signatures in FFPE-derived sequencing data and demonstrate the preservation of clinical utility, thus enabling FFPE whole genome sequencing when required.

Endometrial cancer (EC) has four molecular subtypes; of these, the No Specific Molecular Profile (NSMP) subtype encompasses patients with heterogeneous outcomes. Here, the authors use artificial intelligence and histopathology images to differentiate p53abn and NSMP subtypes in EC, and identify one distinct subgroup within NSMP with unfavourable outcome.

SN 2022qmx, dubbed SN Zwicky, is a rare, gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova, magnified by a factor of 25, discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility. Follow-up Keck observations reveal four multiple images with unusually small separation.

A transiting planet with a period of about 8.5 days and a radius 0.4 times that of Jupiter is reported within the debris disk around the star AU Microscopii.

Tools for cardiac physiological mapping are important for basic and clinical cardiac research. Here the authors use 3D printing to create a thin, elastic silicone sheath that fits tightly around the entire epicardium and contains sensors to measure a variety of physiological parameters of the beating heart ex vivo.

Shortages of donor blood for transfusions can have severe medical consequences, and ex vivo production of red blood cells offers a potential solution. Here authors developed synthetic EPO receptors, which allow erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) without the need for expensive EPO.

Carbon loss from coastal wetlands in eastern North America due to sea-level rise is being offset by warming-driven greening of adjacent upland forests, with a net increase in carbon stored in coastal vegetation, according to an analysis of remote sensing data.

Correlated defects are known to be closely linked to material properties throughout condensed matter research. Here, the authors examine the defects in a canonical metal–organic framework with an array of crystallographic and computational techniques and suggest they are correlated rather than random.

The structural properties of the DNA-mediated assembly of co-crystals of anisotropic nanoparticles can be controlled through the shape and size complementarity of the DNA-coated nanoparticles.

The Pacific trade winds have strengthened since the late 1990s, and there has been related strengthening of the atmospheric Walker circulation. Although the impacts of these changes are becoming known, their cause has not been identified. This study, using observations and models, shows that warming of the Atlantic sea surface and corresponding displacement of atmospheric pressure centres are key drivers.