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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

A quantum critical point (QCP) describes a phase change independent of thermal fluctuations and instead can be driven by chemical or hydrostatic pressure. Here, the authors investigate by X-ray diffraction the evolution of the charge density wave in 2H-TaSe₂ as a function of pressure and demonstrate how it is intertwined with a QCP and the superconducting phase of the system.

In a multicenter, randomized trial of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and recent decompensation, treatment with volenrelaxin, a long-acting form of human relaxin, was associated with worsening congestion across multiple endpoints as compared to placebo.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Over half the world’s rivers dry periodically, yet little is known about the biological communities in dry riverbeds. This study examines biodiversity across 84 non-perennial rivers in 19 countries using DNA metabarcoding. It finds that nutrient availability, climate and biotic interactions influence the biodiversity of these dry environments.

The stacking fault energy is connected to the response of crystals to deformation. Here the authors report a computational study in a model NiCo system to demonstrate the key importance of the dislocation/solute interaction for the accurate assessment of stacking fault energy in alloys beyond dilute limit.

Diamond, Screaton and colleagues show that certain cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus have therapeutic activity against Zika virus infection in immune-privileged sites in vivo.

Here authors use calorimetry to quantify chemical short-range order (CSRO) experimentally, in good agreement with atomistic simulations. Synchrotron in-situ tensile testing showed no effect of varied CSRO levels on mechanical properties.

Ancestry and socioeconomic factors influence predictable changes in the vaginal microbiome that occur early in pregnancy in women who experience normal term birth.

Discovery of a chemical probe targeting the PWWP domain of NSD2 reveals insight into mechanisms that govern NSD2 localization. The compound and its negative control represent valuable tools for further defining NSD2 biology.

Lightning Pose is an efficient pose estimation approach that requires few labeled training data owing to its semi-supervised learning strategy and ensembling.

Noel et al. show aberrant updating of expectations in three distinct mouse models of autism spectrum disorder. Brain-wide neurophysiology data suggest this stems from excess units encoding deviations from prior mean and a lack of sensory prediction errors in frontal areas.

The genomes of two long-lived giant tortoises, including Lonesome George, reveal candidate genes and pathways associated with their development, gigantism and longevity.

Strontium isotope analysis can be applied to animal and plant tissues to help determine their provenance. Here, the authors generate a strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa using data from 2266 environmental samples and demonstrate its efficacy by tracing the African roots of individuals from historic slavery contexts.

Systems that help to enable nanophotonics in the terahertz region are in demand for developing technologies. The authors introduce and study the photonic properties of tin oxide nanobelts as such a platform, supporting phonon polaritons in the far-IR range.

In the absence of GPX4, FSP1 regenerates ubiquinol from the oxidized form, ubiquinone, using NAD(P)H and suppresses phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in cells.

Chikungunya virus is endemic in Brazil and cases have been rapidly increasing in recent years. Here, the authors describe the expansion of a genomic surveillance program across the country allowing them to characterise the emergence and dispersal of two distinct subclades mainly seeded from the north eastern region.

Many island plant species share a syndrome of characteristic phenotype and life history. Cerca et al. find the genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in one of Darwin’s giant daisies, while separating ancestral genomes in a chromosome-resolved polyploid assembly.

Aspergillus fumigatus produces the mycotoxin gliotoxin which is important for virulence. Here, de Castro et al characterise how excess production and subsequent fungal toxicity is controlled by the mitogen-activated protein kinase MpkA.

A modular architecture for managing and sharing electrophysiology, behavior, colony management and other data has been built to support individual laboratories or large consortia.

LncRNAs at the HOX gene locus are increased in expression in NPM1 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, the authors show that one such lncRNA, HOX3B-AS3, has a role in regulating gene transcription and protein synthesis in leukemia cells.

City-level analysis of data from the SALURBAL project shows vast heterogeneity in life expectancy across cities within the same country, in addition to substantive differences in causes of death among nine Latin American countries, revealing modifiable factors that could be leveraged by municipal-level policies aimed toward improving health in urban environments.

A microcosm experiment replicated across 14 laboratories shows that deliberate inclusion of genetic variation enhances the reproducibility of an ecological study.

The predominant threats to pollinators vary across locations, as do perceptions of the consequences of pollinator loss. Here, the authors use formal expert elicitation methods to identify how pollination conservation experts rank the various drivers of pollinator decline and the range of risks to humans if pollination activity is lost.

Dexamethasone has been shown to have survival benefits for critically ill patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Here, the authors estimated the number of lives that could be saved through a UK and global roll out of the drug and demonstrate that it is a cost-effective option.

Certain shorelines can be modeled with prediction accuracies comparable to satellite observations, according to benchmarking results using satellite-derived shoreline datasets for model calibration and evaluation.

A complex Nuclear Receptor Element (cNRE) of 32 base pairs that emerged from a viral infection drives the quail Slow Myosin Heavy Chain III (SMyHC III) promoter preferential expression to the atria.

Proper functioning of the brain requires a balance between the formation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, but how this is achieved during development is unclear. Here FGF22 and FGF7, two fibroblast growth factor cell–cell signalling molecules, are shown to promote the formation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively, through their effect on epilepsy in mice. These findings should inform other neurological and psychiatric disorders involving defects in synapse formation.

An agonistic Siglec-6 antibody that binds to a membrane-distal domain of Siglec-6 is identified that induces inhibition and reduction of mast cells and suppresses anaphylaxis in a humanized mouse model.

In order to advance our understanding of the effects of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) on the cerebrovascular health of offspring, Bordeleau et al. use a translational mouse model of mHFD exposure. They demonstrate that mHFD induces cerebrovascular and microglial changes in the offspring as well as behavioural alterations that are reminiscent of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with repetitive behaviours at adulthood.