‘Ductal carcinoma in situ’ (DCIS) describes abnormal cells in the milk ducts. DCIS is often non-invasive, although a small proportion of cases leave the ducts and progress to invasive breast cancer. This Review discusses the existing data for distinguishing progressive and non-progressive DCIS, with a focus on informing current disease management strategies.
- Anna K. Casasent
- Mathilde M. Almekinders
- Marja van Oirsouw