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Metabolic strategies of cave microorganisms are poorly studied. Here, the authors show that cave microbes use atmospheric trace gases hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane as energy and carbon sources, sustaining primary production and revealing how life can thrive in oligotrophic and dark ecosystems.

Deterministic sources of entangled photons are important for photonic quantum networks, but many applications are only possible when their wavelengths are tunable. Here, the authors use on-chip strain engineering to demonstrate such a source with silicon-integrated InAs/GaAs quantum dots.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

We implement 3D-nanoprinted hollow-core waveguides—so-called light cages—as atomic vapor-based quantum memories. These structures significantly enhance light–matter interactions within a compact, chip-integrated platform, marking a step forward in scalable and versatile photonic quantum technologies.

Global change may affect the resilience of ecosystem functions by altering community composition. Here, Oliver et al.show that in Great Britain since the 1970s there have been significant net declines among animal species that provide key ecosystem functions such as pollination and pest control.

Scalable and integratable sources of entangled-photon pairs are an important building block for quantum photonic applications. Here, Keilet al. demonstrate that an ensemble of droplet-etched gallium arsenide quantum dots can emit polarization-entangled photons with almost 100% yield.

Here, the authors show that single upconversion nanoparticles can generate position-sensitive patterns in the spatial domain when placed on a mirror. They attribute this to the single emitter’s interference with its own mirror image and show how this can be used to obtain axial localisation of the particle.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

An interferometric technique is developed to measure the particle exchange phase of indistinguishable photons. The exchange phase obtained is (−0.04 ± 0.07) radians, which clearly demonstrates the symmetric nature of the two-photon wave functions.

Bulk RNA sequencing of organs and plasma proteomics at different ages across the mouse lifespan is integrated with data from the Tabula Muris Senis, a transcriptomic atlas of ageing mouse tissues, to describe organ-specific changes in gene expression during ageing.

Plants’ photosynthetic capacity at high light is limited by the kinetics of the slow, carbon-dioxide-fixing enzyme Rubisco. Increasing Rubisco content in a C₄ crop plant is now shown to enhance photosynthesis and growth.

An international team of researchers finds high potential for improving climate projections by a more comprehensive treatment of largely ignored Arctic vegetation types, underscoring the importance of Arctic energy exchange measuring stations.

A ‘mouse atlas’, comprising single-cell transcriptomic data from more than 100,000 cells from 20 organs and tissues, has been created as a resource for cell biology.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation and infective exacerbations. Here, Chan et al. report the generation of nasopharyngeal and bronchial COPD organoids derived from adult stem cells and employ them in the study of host-pathogen interactions, including SARS-CoV-2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A transcriptomics study demonstrates cell-type-specific responses to differentially aged blood and shows young blood to have restorative and rejuvenating effects that may be invoked through enhanced mitochondrial function.

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas across the lifespan of the mouse, denoted Tabula Muris Senis, provides molecular information about the hallmarks of ageing in a range of tissues and cell types.

Drought conditions can alter the composition of soil microbial communities, but the effects of drought on network properties have not been tested. Here, de Vries and colleagues show that co-occurrence networks are destabilised under drought for bacteria but not fungi.

The accurate determination of quark mixing parameters is essential for the understanding of the Standard Model. The LHCb collaboration now reports the coupling strength of the b quark to the u quark through the measurement of a baryonic decay mode.

CP violation has deep implications for particle physics and cosmology. Previously observed only in meson decays, signs of CP violation have now been spotted in baryon decays by analysing the proton–proton collision data from the LHCb detector.

Anderson, Mattoon et al. exposed the C₄ model plant green foxtail Setaria viridis to four-hour periods of high light or high temperature and observed transcriptomic, photosynthetic, and ultrastructural changes. Both treatments caused a comparable reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, but the authors identified important differences in key pathways and differential responses in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in response to these two treatments.

The millimetre image of the Centaurus A nucleus by the Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet. The source’s event horizon shadow should be visible at terahertz frequencies, consistent with the universal scale invariance of black holes.

Combined analysis of proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN by the CMS and LHCb collaborations leads to the observation of the extremely rare decay of the strange B meson into muons; the result is compatible with the standard model of particle physics, and does not show any signs of new physics, such as supersymmetry.

The Review summarizes the progress of hybrid quantum photonics integration in terms of its important design considerations and fabrication approaches, and highlights some successful realizations of key physical resources for building integrated quantum devices, such as quantum teleporters, quantum repeaters and quantum simulators.

The DECIDE-AI checklist, resulting from a multi-stakeholder group of experts in a Delphi process and following the EQUATOR Network’s recommendations, includes key items that should be reported in early-stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems, to ensure a responsible and transparent deployment of AI systems in healthcare.