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The coupled electron-phonon-spin dynamics in diamond NV centers has been studied in pump-probe experiments, revealing distinct relaxation timescales. Here, the authors use real time time dependent density functional theory to provide a unified picture of the multistage dynamics in the NV center under ultrafast laser excitation.

Mitochondrial cristae structure is essential for energy production and immune regulation, but therapeutic strategies targeting cristae remodeling are lacking. Here, the authors show that targeting triose phosphate isomerase 1 restores cristae architecture, rewires microglial metabolism, and protects against ischemic stroke.

This study shows that the UMOD p.H36Y mutation promotes kidney inflammation by enabling mutant tubular cells to trigger macrophage pyroptosis through the App–Cd74 pathway.

Here, they develop optimized mouse testicular organoids that recapitulate key testicular functions and generate functional haploid germ cells, enabling the generation of normal fertile F2 offspring. These organoids can be used to model male infertility and screen for drugs that may prevent germ cell loss after chemotherapy.

Neuraminidase activity of NEU1 regulates insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Here the authors report that NEU1 also inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in a non-enzymatic manner by binding SAM68, thereby activating GCN5 transcription.

To directly examine how burst-suppression emerges across large neuronal populations, here authors present a Cortex-wide Optical-electrical Dual-modal Explorer (CODE) system. This integrated optical–electrical recording system reveals how large-scale neuronal ensembles organize burst and suppression activity across the mouse cortex during anesthesia, uncovering coordinated dynamics underlying cortical state transitions.

Stabilizing high-valence ruthenium sites is key for efficient acidic water splitting but remains challenging. Here, the authors report an interstitial nitrogen doping strategy to stabilize these sites in ruthenium dioxide, achieving enhanced activity and long-term stability for hydrogen production.

This study finds that the most dangerous tick-borne viruses infect many tick and animal species, boosting their chances of reaching humans. Bird migration helps spread them worldwide, and genetic adaptation may increase their ability to infect people.

Early immune surveillance promotes effective antifungal defense. Here, the authors show that a secreted lectin, IML1, binds diverse fungal spores on the cuticle, but immunity is triggered only upon cleavage by a pathogen specific protease, SP28.

Previous studies of vortex Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in iron-based superconductors have predominantly considered the case where magnetic field is parallel to the Dirac axis. Here, the authors focus on vortices oriented perpendicular to the Dirac axis, finding that such vortices are more favorable for observing vortex MZMs.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

The unclear pathogenesis of cancer-related lymphedema (CRL) impedes therapeutic development. The authors here identify T-cell mesenchymal transition (TcMT) in CRL, where T cells acquire a fibrotic phenotype, offering a potential therapeutic target.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Emerging evidence suggests that organs age at different rates. This study identifies a mechanism by which the naturally hypoxic intervertebral disc ages relatively slowly, via selective autophagy of HIF-1α, and designs a small molecule to export this mechanism across tissues.

The transcriptome and proteome provide complementary information about the cellular phenotype, state and function. Here, the authors introduce SPARO, a method that enables simultaneous profiling of cell type-specific transcriptomes and proteomes in vitro and in vivo by leveraging TurboID-based biotinylation of RNA-interacting cytosolic proteins to enrich both proteins and associated RNAs.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

A programmable platform that encodes plasmonic skyrmions with diverse topologies, including Néel-type skyrmions and merons, can be used for robust wireless communication and intelligent sensing.

RASSF4 associates with PKD2 to enhance its channel function and suppress RAS/MAPK signaling, mitigating polycystic kidney disease phenotypes and highlighting a potential therapeutic target for ADPKD.

Intravital imaging is improved by applying deep learning to wave-optics modeling.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate—a mevalonate pathway metabolic intermediate—is an endogenous alarmin that enhances IgG antibody responses through keratinocyte-derived IL-6 and CCL20.

UDMT is a multi-animal tracker for behavioral research that is based on a transformer architecture, which negates the need for manually annotated training data. UDMT is showcased on datasets encompassing mice, rats, Drosophila, C. elegans and betta fish.

Here the authors identify a tumor immunoevasion mechanism in which tumor cells release branched-chain amino acid metabolites that can bind and activate Notch on tumor-associated macrophages, reprogramming these cells to be immunosuppressive.

An Sb₂O₃ interlayer at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface increases the reverse-bias resistance of the cells to −22.3 V. Modules with an area of 62.37 cm² achieved a certified power conversion efficiency of 23.1%, 96% of which was maintained after 1,000 h of operation at 65 °C.

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are limited by slow ion movement in cathodes. Here the authors show that introducing solvent molecules into layered cathodes improves ion transport and reaction kinetics, enabling fast-charging batteries with stable long-term performance.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

CircPBX1 alleviates metabolic memory-associated erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by sponging miR-195-5p, restoring YAP1/VEGF signaling and endothelial angiogenic function, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for DMED.

Traditional iterative catalysis in RiPP biosynthesis typically modifies linear peptides. Here the authors discover GNAT enzymes that iteratively modify fully folded lasso peptides and engineer them to create lipolasso peptides with expanded chemical diversity.

Chen et al. engineer TRANSFER (trogocytosis-inspired receptor transfer and functional effector release), a method to deliver functional cargos from donor to recipient cells in a specific manner via direct cell–cell contact.

Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials, but their synthesis relies on coordinating solvents or molecules. Now a solvent-in-salt method is demonstrated for synthesizing lead halide perovskites. The method features enhanced environmental friendliness and safety and improves perovskite crystal quality.

This work effectively addresses the long-standing challenge of competitive kinetics in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems through the synergistic interaction between nitrogen vacancies (Nv) and Fe sites on carbon nitride.

A solar-powered strategy enables sustainable agriculture by integrating solar desalination, crop irrigation and food waste upcycling into an interconnected system, creating a circular economy for regions facing freshwater constraints.

Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

Zhang, Han, Tan, Lu, Ma et al. report that kynurenine derived from peritumoural adipose tissue is hijacked by cancer cells to mediate ferroptosis resistance, a process that could potentially be targeted with immunotherapy to inhibit tumour growth.

HorusEye is a foundation model for universal X-ray tomography restoration that learns realistic degradation directly from data. It supports imaging at substantially lower doses and reduces hardware requirements while improving expert analysis and downstream AI performance.

The steel sector is a major greenhouse gas emitter, and decarbonizing steel production is critical to meeting climate targets. This Review outlines the environmental impacts of steel production and discusses process-level and system-wide decarbonization strategies, their technological and regional feasibility, and policy frameworks required to support a globally coordinated transition.

Mao et al., evaluate whether combining host immune biomarkers, including adenosine deaminase, interferon gamma, and interleukin six, improves diagnosis of paucibacillary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Using these combined biomarkers together increases accuracy and supports both confirmation and screening.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.