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Mitochondrial superoxide production is shown to preserve nuclear envelope integrity by controlling lipid peroxidation, with impact on nuclear and organismal ageing in C. elegans.

The faithful charging of amino acids to tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases determines protein translation fidelity. Here, the authors showed how isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase distinguishes tRNA^Ile from tRNA^Met based on the recognition of wobble nucleotide (N34) and subsequent structural adaptation.

In this study, the authors perform an interactome study of Zika virus (ZIKV) 5’UTR stem-loop B region and identify two host factors, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) and DEAH-box helicase 9 (DHX9), that positively regulate antiviral RNAi to inhibit virus replication and ZIKV-induced microcephaly in vivo.

On-demand access to information encoded in nucleotides lies at the heart of DNA/RNA applications. Here the authors develop a real-time method using nanopore sequencing, SUSTag-ORCtrL, to directly read DNA tags and access stored data without PCR.

While CDK4/6 inhibitors have become standard of care in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC), selecting the optimal inhibitor could improve care further. Here, the authors report planned interim analysis of the BRIGHT-2 study, a randomised phase 3 trial comparing bireociclib (CDK4/6i) and fulvestrant (ET) against placebo and fulvestrant in female HR + /HER2- ABC patients.

The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) interconvert hydrogen and electricity and therefore have potential as long-duration energy storage systems, but the durability of these devices under industrially relevant conditions is limited. Here the authors report a PCEC that maintains low degradation rates throughout exceptionally long-term durability tests.

The Zn-N₃ on Zn-N₃@SC-PC breaks 1:1 stoichiometric interaction rule with acid gases due to its protruded structure for more coordination between Zn vacant orbital and acid gases, thus exhibiting supra-multi-molar adsorption phenomena (SO₂/Zn-N₃ = 6:1).

As sulfonyl fluorides have found wide applications, synthetic access to β-hydroxy sulfonyl fluorides is desirable. Here, the authors report an electroreductive strategy for radical hydroxyl fluorosulfonylation of alkenes with sulfuryl chlorofluoride and molecular oxygen from air.

Liu, Zhen, Xie, Luo, Zeng, Zhao et al. show that the major nucleoid protein TFAM interacts with cytoplasmic LC3B during oxidative or inflammatory stress to attenuate mitochondrial DNA-induced inflammation via the cGAS–STING pathway.

CDK4/6 inhibition is often effective for those with breast cancer but success is limited by adverse reactions. Here, the authors report a phase III randomised trial comparing fulvestrant (oestrogen receptor antagonist) with or without lerociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative, endocrine-resistant advanced breast cancer.

In this prespecified analysis of the ongoing TORCHLIGHT phase 3 trial, first-line treatment with toripalimab and nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer led to significantly longer progression-free survival in the PD-L1-positive population compared to nab-paclitaxel alone.

Chemical modifications in DNA enable hidden messages for secure data transmission. Here, authors develop DeepSME, a nanopore sequencing and deep-learning framework that conceals data into DNA using 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and enables single-molecule private communication.

Advanced membranes for industrial-scale water electrolysis hold promise yet pose challenges. Here, the authors report a two-step casting and phase separation strategy to design a composite membrane with differentially structured pores that combines ion transport and gas barrier functions.

In this phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with anti-PD-1 finotonlimab plus cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (C5F) prolonged overall survival compared with placebo plus C5F.

Tuning the b-axis length of silicalite-1 crystals allows control over the migration–agglomeration–lockup of active metal species in zeolites, which enables the creation of stable and durable catalysts for propane dehydrogenation in industrial applications.

Investigating catalysts under their working conditions is crucial for understanding structure-performance relationships. Here, the authors utilize operando transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations to explore the structure-performance correlations of a copper catalyst in ethylene oxidation.

DSS1 is reported to be involved in the maintenance of DNA repair and protein homeostasis. Here, authors show that DSS1 is upregulated in metastatic ccRCC, promoting tumor growth and metastasis by impairing autophagy and stabilizing TWIST1.

Palladium-based catalysts are highly effective for the complete oxidation of methane. Here, the authors employ operando transmission electron microscopy, near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations to investigate the active state and catalytic function of Pd nanoparticles in methane oxidation.

In the multicenter, phase 3 DAWNA-1 trial, the combination of dalpiciclib, a new cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, with fulvestrant, in patients with HR⁺HER2⁻ advanced breast cancer who progressed or relapsed on endocrine therapy, improved progression-free survival with manageable safety and may represent a new treatment option.

Warming affects forest soil denitrification and nitrogen losses. The authors show that temperature enhances nitrous oxide and dinitrogen but varies by soil; temperature sensitivities are similar across soils but are higher for dinitrogen, suggesting complete denitrification in a warmer climate.

Peptide signals generated during plant microbe interactions can trigger immune responses in plants. Here the authors show that SCOOP12, a member of a family of peptides present in Brassicaceae plants, and SCOOP12-like motifs in Fusarium fungi, can trigger immune responses following perception by the MIK2 receptor kinase.

The development of imaging agents capable of clearly defining tumor margins is essential for GBM intraoperative navigation. Here this group identifies GCN5 as a promising molecular target for GBM imaging therefore designs a dual mode nanoprobe for BBB crossing and in vivo visualization of typical GBM tumor boundaries.

Achieving hybrid magnetic actuation, energy transfer and somatosensory actuation functions in soft electromagnetic devices is a challenge. Here, Zhang et. al. present a hybrid core-sheath fiber and use a one-step coaxial printing method to create complex 2D/3D structures with multimodal functionalities.

Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis. Here the authors report the results of a phase 1b trial of the liposomal irinotecan HE072 in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer after ≥ 2 prior lines of chemotherapy.

KN046 is a recombinant anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody that has shown clinical activity in different advanced solid tumors. Here the authors report the results of a phase II study of KN046 in combination with nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

DNA is a promising medium for data storage but requires efficient sequencing methods for real-time data retrieval. Here, authors introduce Composite Hedges Nanopores (CHN), a nanopore-based codec scheme that improves sequencing efficiency and data accuracy, supporting real-time data retrieval.

CRISPR-Cas12a nucleic acid detection largely involves pre-amplification and is limited in its ability to directly detect RNA. Here, authors present a split Cas12a system that enables direct, highly sensitive, and cost-effective detection of both DNA and RNA without amplification.

Brassica napus is a globally important oil crop, but the origin of the allotetraploid genome and its improvement process are largely unknown. Here, the authors take a population genetic approach to resolve its origin and evolutionary history, and identify candidate genes related to important agricultural traits.

N⁶-methyladenosine RNA and its reader YTHDC1 serve as a bridge to silencing retrotransposons through the RNA derived from these retrotransposons in mouse ES cells.

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder are unclear. Here, the authors report cell type- and cortical layer-specific gene expression changes and identify one microglia subpopulation associated with depressive-like behavior in female non-human primates.

Gold-nanoparticle-coated titania nanowire arrays subretinally implanted in blind mice and monkeys offer advantages in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity towards the restoration of visual function.

Yellow-seed trait is preferred in rapeseed breeding as it can greatly improve seed oil yield and quality. Here, the authors assemble the genome of two rapeseed lines with yellow-seed and black-seed phenotypes, and clone an R2R3-MYB-type transcription factor encoding gene as a key regulator of seed color.

Deregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification can contribute to the pathogenesis of cancers. Here the authors show that m6A demethylase ALKBH5 is acetylated at K235 by acetyltransferase KAT8 and interacts with RNA-binding protein PSCP1 to enhance m6A demethylation and promote tumorigenesis.