Search

XRISM observations show the presence of odd-numbered elements chlorine and potassium in Cas A. These findings suggest that stellar activity plays an important role in cosmic chemical evolution, enriching space with elements vital for planets and life.

Seahorses have a unique sex role reversal with male pregnancy involving the brood pouch, an evolutionarily novel organ. This study uses single-cell genomics and in vivo experiments to reveal the cellular basis and molecular mechanism of pouch development and diversity in seahorses.

Koina is an open-source, online platform that simplifies access to machine learning models in proteomics, enabling easier integration into analysis tools and helping researchers adopt and reuse ML models more efficiently.

In a phase 3 trial for Huntington’s disease, pridopidine did not meet its primary endpoints but was safe and favored in some prespecified subgroup analyses.

By combining left- and right-handed DNA-PAINT probes, Unterauer et al. achieve simple, robust, and highly multiplexed super-resolution. They show 13-plex neuronal maps, revealing nanoscale organization of cytoskeleton, organelles, and synapses.

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is central to flexible decision-making. Here, the authors identify MD’s unique roles in arbitrating between different reinforcement learning strategies through prefrontal-striatal brain circuits.

As presented at the ESMO Congress 2025, in the single-arm phase 2 IKF/AIO PHERFLOT trial, the perioperative combination of FLOT chemotherapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies led to a pathological complete response rate of 48.4% in patients with resectable HER2+ esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, meeting the prespecified co-primary endpoint.

High near-surface nitrogen-fixation rates that promoted the recent growth of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt were tied to greater upwelling of phosphorus from the equatorial Atlantic, according to coral-bound nitrogen isotope records from the Caribbean.

The primitive hominins from Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia are often thought to be akin to Homo erectus and are arguably the earliest known members of the human family outside Africa. This conclusion has come, so far, from the presentation of postcranial material: now a partial skeleton of an adolescent individual associated with a skull, and remains from three adult individuals, suggest that the Dmanisi hominids are even more primitive than that, akin to Homo habilis.

Arterial development is critical for proper blood flow, but the mechanisms mediating this process at the organ level remain unclear. Here, they show that a subpopulation of endothelial cells is important for formation of arterial endothelium in the intestine.

The catalytic asymmetric polyene cyclization of homofarnesol to ambrox is achieved using a highly Brønsted-acidic and confined imidodiphosphorimidate catalyst.

The carbonylation of alkenes is tremendously important industrial process, but many substrates are highly challenging. Here the authors report a highly active catalytic system for the alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes that is also general across the range of alkene substitution patterns.

Conversion of one-carbon feedstocks to more complex structures is vital for the production of bulk chemicals. Here, the authors report a highly selective method for the conversion of carbon monoxide to ethylene glycol by means of an oxamide intermediate.

In a phase 1/2a umbrella trial in patients with glioblastoma matching targeted therapies according to tumor molecular profiling, temsirolimus plus radiotherapy improved PFS compared to standard of care in patients with phospho-mTOR activation.

The influence of an animal’s running speed on grid cell spatial representation is unclear. Here, the authors present a Gaussian Process with Kernel Regression method to infer neural representational geometry from data and show that faster movement dilates grid cell representational manifolds, enhancing spatial representation.

Exon Junction Complexes influence many aspects of mRNA fate. Here, the authors show that the disassembly factor PYM1 primarily acts in translation-independent EJC removal, with resistant EJCs accumulating at non-canonical sites and impacting mRNA stability in a gene architecture dependent manner.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Homogeneous Pt-group metal-based complexes make up the majority of C-H bond activation catalysts, but they are characterized by high cost and low abundance. Here, the authors report atomically dispersed titanium-aluminum-boron nanopowder for low-temperature catalytic activation of aliphatic C-H bonds via the element-specific cooperative mechanistic roles.

The nanoscale organization of the antigen-antibody complexes influences the therapeutic action of monoclonal antibodies. Here, the authors present a multi-target 3D RESI imaging assay for the nanometer spatial analysis of CD20 in complex with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies within intact cells, to analyse the interdependency between the mode of antibody binding and the therapeutic function.

Three-dimensional analysis of the intact bone marrow within whole long bones remains very challenging. Here, the authors present a method that stabilizes the marrow and provides subcellular resolution of fluorescent signals throughout the murine femur.

The influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Atlantic marine systems and fisheries is complex. This Review outlines the mechanisms by which El Niño–Southern Oscillation impacts the tropical and South Atlantic, connecting physical climate perturbations to biogeochemical and ecological responses.

Central insulin effects on brain networks and food cue reactivity in the hippocampus and striatum vary dynamically across the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women, with estradiol and progesterone predicting these changes.

Developmental plasticity allows organisms to match traits to their environment, however, there are few known molecular mechanisms underlying such plasticity. Here, the authors show that feeding morphs in adult Pristionchus nematodes are set during a critical window in juveniles and identify H4K5/12ac as the environmental information carrier.

Femtosecond laser spectroscopy has contributed to our understanding of structure and function of matter. Here, the authors explore the applicability of superfluid helium nanodroplets as a sample preparation method that allows investigation of previously inaccessible classes of tailor-made or fragile molecular systems.

A study of a non-liquid glass former reveals a correlation length that decreases as the transition temperature is approached from above, which is the opposite of what is expected. It suggests that ‘strong’ and ‘fragile’ liquids exist on opposite sides of an order–disorder phase transition.

The performance of hybrid solar cells depends critically on the morphology of both the polymeric and the inorganic components. Electron tomography is used to resolve the morphology in three dimensions; coupling this information with three-dimensional exciton-diffusion studies enables the differentiation of charge generation and transport as performance-limiting factors.

A Pd membrane reactor is integrated with a lithium-mediated N2 reduction reaction catalytic system to serve as an alternate means of hydrogen transport. Hydrogenation through the Pd membrane was shown to increase the efficiency of the nitrogen reduction process.

Using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, this study reveals the rivalry between two distinct types of atomic motion in a metallic glass, offering insights into the complex dynamics and relaxation processes across the glass transition.

Here they show that ELMO2 is crucial for vascular development, with knockout mice being nonviable due to carotid artery aneurysms. ELMO2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell behavior, offering insights into VMOS disease and potential treatment strategies.

The combination of isotopic tracers with root phenotyping reveals specific patterns in photosynthate allocation. These patterns are reflected in rhizodeposition and result in spatially distinct microbiomes within the plant root system.

This nationwide study finds that the heritability of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes has remained stable in Sweden over the last 30 years and environmental factors assessed do not appear to be the key driving factors of the rise in type 1 diabetes.

Humans adapt social and asocial learning to dynamically changing contexts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors clarify these mechanisms and show that the degree of social and asocial adaptivity predicts individual performance.

"Motion perception depends on reference frames, but it is unclear what the brain’s reference frame is. Here, the authors show that human motion perception follows a hierarchical causal inference process, dynamically segmenting visual scenes into nested reference frames.”

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important regulators of biological processes. Here the authors combine multiplexed imaging and computational pipelines to reveal tonsillar IRF4⁺ ILC3s, and to identify conserved stromal landmarks for ILC localization, thereby providing a platform for future ILC studies.

Understanding the various and multiple trade-offs of land-use changes and cropland expansion can contribute to more sustainable policies. A study explores future scenarios of cropland expansion along with the trade-offs in agricultural production and markets, biodiversity and CO₂ emissions.

Extracting quantitative information on biomolecular oligomerisation with high resolution remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors propose SPINNA, a framework that compares nearest-neighbour distances from experimental single-protein position data with those obtained from simulations based on a model of protein oligomerisation.

Obesity leads to pathological expansion of white adipose tissue driving vascular dysfunction. Here, the authors utilize single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate endothelial heterogeneity and demarcate key differences in obesity-associated vascular alterations in subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Characterization of seminal root number variation in the root systems of >9,000 global maize accessions and its wild relatives provides insights into root trait adaptation to environments during domestication and global expansion.

Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) increase muscle growth and regeneration. Here, Hinkel et al. show that MRTFs also promote microvessel growth and maturation in chronic ischaemic disease of the heart or peripheral muscle by increasing the expression of the pro-angiongenic factors, CCN1 and CCN2.

Nackednaviruses and hepatitis B virus (HBV) have a common non-enveloped viral ancestor. While HBV acquired an envelope during evolution, nackednaviruses remained non-enveloped. Here, Pfister et al. apply CryoEM and NMR to characterize the capsid structure of African cichlid nackednavirus (ACNDV) at pH 5.5 and pH 7.5 and show that the capsid structure is very similar to that of HBV.