Patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies largely do not derive benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Paradoxically, a subset of those with CNS metastases from tumours located outside of the CNS will respond to the same approach. In this Perspective, the authors explore the key differences in the immune cell composition of primary CNS malignancies and brain metastases and provide guidance on potential alternative immunotherapies that might be effective in patients with these historically difficult-to-treat malignancies.
- Martina Ott
- Robert M. Prins
- Amy B. Heimberger
